{ Community conserved areas & investment issues: Experiences from Namibia & elsewhere Dr Anna Spenceley, WMA Investors meeting Naura Springs Hotel, Arusha, March, 2016

1. Namibia’s conservancies: o Policy & award process o Case study and impact: Torra o Tools and guidelines 2. Tourism benefits sharing: o Joint ventures and community- based tourism enterprises (CBTE) in Africa 3. What works? What doesn’t? Outline 1. Namibia 2. Benefits 3. What works?

Namibia’s conservancies : Policy 1. Namibia Nature Conservation Amendment Act (No. 5 of 1996)

Thompson, A. (2008) Concessions in Namibia’s Protected Areas 1. Namibia

Thompson, A. (2008) Concessions in Namibia’s Protected Areas

1. Namibia Thompson, A. (2008) Concessions in Namibia’s Protected Areas

1. Namibia Ministry of Environment and Tourism (MET) : Initial participatory socio-ecological, collecting data tracking the impact Reviews applications for conservancies from communities – approval and registration Reviews / approves Conservancy Wildlife Management and Utilization Plans (i.e. hunting quotas) Monitors compliance of conservancies with legislation (i.e protection of natural resources; policy review) Arbitrator during conservancy disputes Withdrawal of conservancy status if mismanaged (e.g. lack of financial reports) Stakeholders:Government

Spenceley, (2010) 1. Namibia WWF-LIFE (Living in a Finite Environment)- CBNRM support: technical support, training, grants, and regional coordination and information dissemination Namibian Association of Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) Support Organisations (NACSO) – 15 NGOs and the University of Namibia. Provide quality services to communities. Namibia Community Based Tourism Assistance Trust (NACOBTA) supports communities to develop sustainable tourism. Integrated Rural Development and Nature Conservation (IRDNC) Namibia Nature Foundation (NNF) Stakeholders: NGOs

Case study: Damaraland, Torra conservancy, Namibia 1. Namibia

 2 year negotiation  IRDNC facilitated agreement (NGO)  BOT over 15 years  10% net accommodation fees to community  Last 5 years of agreement transferred 20% p/a to community  Subsequently community sold 60% equity back to WS Local equity & revenue sharing Spenceley (2008) 1. Namibia

30 employees: 75% women, 77% from the local community Total wage bill: USD 90,000 p/a Local employment Rylance & Spenceley (2014) Creating luxury ecotourism with the local community, Endeva / GIZ 1. Namibia

Training & advancement Rylance & Spenceley (2014) 1. Namibia

Value chain links Rylance & Spenceley (2014) 1. Namibia

Human wildlife conflict Rylance & Spenceley (2014) 1. Namibia

Conservancy financial benefits 100% revenue shared locally 1. Namibia

Barnes et al, 2002, cited in Barnes, J. I. (2008) Community-based tourism and natural resource management in Namibia: Local and national economic impacts, In Spenceley, A. (2008) Responsible Tourism: critical issues for conservation and development, Earthscan, pp Donor/NGO support & impact 1. Namibia Donor grants very significantly enhance community returns in conservancies. In some conservancies communities may have incentives to invest without donor and government grants.

Impacts on wildlife Wildlife increases in 7 conservancies in the Caprivi: Salambala, Mayuni, Mashi, Wuparo, Kwandu, Impalila and Kasika NASCO, 2008: pp: Namibia

MET, NACSO, WWF (2011) Tips for joint venture partnerships in tourism 1. Namibia

1. Namibia

WWF & World Bank (2014) Getting Financed: 9 tips for community joint ventures in tourism, World Bank 1. Namibia

WWF & World Bank (2014) 1. Namibia

Tourism enterprise Local equity / ownership Local employment Local procurement Local revenue sharing Joint Venture Community Based Tourism Enterprise Community Based Tourism Enterprise Spenceley, A. (2014) Benefit sharing from natural heritage: examples and challenges from Africa, Inkasa Symposium, Cape Town, April Benefits

Joint-venture revenue sharing Tourism enterpriseEquityFinancial benefits Damaraland Camp, Namibia 60% Wilderness Safaris 40% Torra Conservancy $300 p/a rent + 10% revenue $74 p/p in 2004 (enough for basic groceries for 3 months) Sabyinyo Silverback Lodge, Rwanda Kinigi & Nyange community IGCP (NGO) Government $50 per night bed fee 7.5% net sales $8 bed night re-payment loan Ndzou Lodge, Mozambique 60% Mpunga community 40% Eco-MICAIA Not yet profitable Rocktail Beach Camp, South Africa 75% Wilderness Safaris 25% SBDC TBA Bulungula Backpackers, South Africa No formal agreement 60% ownership D. Martin 40% ownership NCT $8,300 (2005-8) Spenceley (2014) 2. Benefits

CBTE Revenue sharing Tourism enterpriseEquityTangible benefits Thakadu, South Africa100% Community$87.5 k lease fees to Trust (2008) Buffalo Ridge, South Africa 100% Community$59.5 k lease fees to Trust (2008) Kuru Dkar Trust Hostel, Botswana 100% Community$5,000 (2005) Tsara Loky, Madagascar 100% Community$600 (2005) Tchuma Tchato, Mozambique 100% Community$50,000 (2005) Tengeru campsite, Tanzania 100% Community$2,000 (2005) Gairezi fly fishing, Zimbabwe 100% Community$2,000 (2005) Spenceley (2014) 2. Benefits

WWF & World Bank (2014) Getting Financed: 9 tips for community joint ventures in tourism, World Bank What works? What doesn’t? 3. What works?

Thank you ! Dr Anna Spenceley