PhenolResorcinolCatechol Structures Physical properties: State Color Odor Solid, crystalline. Solid, flaky. Solid, fine powder. White Buff gray Phenolic odor

Ignition test (Dry heat test): Inflammability Change in appearance Change in odor Residue Comment All soluble in H 2 O Solubility: L.p.: No change Comment All the compounds are neutral All inflammable, luminous, smoky All melting All on change in odor All no residue All the compounds are aromatic

PhenolResorcinolCatechol Preliminary test: Soda lime On cold: On hot: 30% NaOH On cold: On hot: FeCl 3 On cold: On hot: Conc. H 2 SO 4 On cold: On hot: Penolic odor No reaction Not donePenolic odor No reaction for all Very diluted phenols + 1– 3 drops FeCl 3 violet – blue color Green color which rapidly darkens Not done for all No reaction for all

General class group test for phenols: Azo – dye formation test ≡ Diazotization test PhenolResorcinolCatechol 1 drop aniline (red color) + dil.HCl (until dissolve) + NaNO 2 (sod. Nitrite solution) until faint pale yellow color (1){Diazonium salt formed} It is unstable because that we must put it in ice, without ice it will decompose few phenol + 10% NaOH (until phenol dissolved) (2) Add (1) on (2) gradually ((Azo – dye formation)) Orange – red dye Azo – dye form {Dark purple or brown dye}

PhenolResorcinolCatechol Specific test: Phthalein test Dry test tube Phenol + phthalic anhydride + 4 drops Conc. H 2 SO 4 cool Dry test tube pour in beaker containing fussion 20 ml 10% NaOH Pink color Due to phenol phthaline ((indicator)) Green fluorescence H 2 O Fluorescence Bluish Brown color Due to Alizarin indicator

IR spectrum of phenol