First things First 1.Locate your rock sample from yesterday. 2.Take a small piece off and tape over in into your lab notebook. 3.Make a bubble – “Describe how rock can change and form into new rock” Be sure to use the three vocabulary words – sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous.

Plant & Soil Science Introduction to Soil Fertility and pH with Soil Sampling Lab

Most popular macronutrients in soil Nitrogen------N Phosphorus-----P (usually in the form of P 2 O 5 ) Potassium K (usually in the form of K 2 O) Slide #2

What does nitrogen do? Slide #3 Most popular macronutrient It give a plant it’s green color Assists with rapid growth and vigor Promotes seed and fruit development Increases protein and yield

Phosphorous (P 2 O 5 ) is important why? Slide #4 Aids seedlings to germinate Very important in the early stages of the crop Stimulates root growth

What does Potassium ( K 2 0 ) do? Slide #5 Responsible for production of carbohydrates in the plant, Produces plumper seeds Acts as the water valve for letting water in and out of the plant.

What are fertilizers? Slide #6 Help plants get the nutrients they need by adding deficient materials to the soil. It makes nutrients more available to the plant to get what it needs

How can we find out what is in the soil? Slide #7 Visual Inspection—not accurate Tissue Cultures—accurate but expensive Soil Test—most widely accepted form of testing

What forms are fertilizers found? Dry (granules) Liquid (usally diluted with water) Gas (anhydrous ammonia) Solids (manure) Spikes (concentrated quantities placed in ground and allowed to dissipate through soil) Slide #8

Reading a bag of fertilizer Slide # % Nitrogen 15% Phosphorus 10% Potassium N -P- K

How many pounds are in there? Assume the bag is 100 pounds 20% Nitrogen means there is 20 pounds of Nitrogen Phosphorus in the form of P 2 O 5 15% X.44=6.6 lbs Potassium in the form of K2O 10% x.83= 8.3 lbs For bags smaller than 100 lbs, multiply your pounds by the pounds in the sack then divide by 100. Example of 50 lb sack. 8.3x50/100 = 4.15 lbs of Potassium Slide #10

Math problems Slide #11  A 50# bag of #N#P#K__  A 50 # bag of #N#P#K__  A 100# bag of #N#P#K__

Answers to math problems  A 50# bag of #N 5 #P 2.2 #K 4.15  A 50 # bag of #N 5 #P 4.4 #K  A 100# bag of #N 20 #P 4.4 #K 0 Slide #12

What is pH? pH is the scale we use to measure acidity (sour) to basic (bitter). What is the range of pH? You are right the range is Slide #13

pH Scale Slide #14 Acids start with zero and go to 6.9 “A” begins the alphabet Bases start at 7.1 and go to 14 “B” comes after “A”

What does pH measure? pH is the measure of how an item reacts with water. If it gives off hydrogen ions (H+) it is an acid. An example would be hydrochloric acid. When it meets water it forms hydrogen ions and chloride ions. A base give off hydroxide ions when reacting with water. Sodium hydroxide is a base because it forms sodium ions and hydroxide ions when mixed with water. Slide #15

Why do we need to know pH? Knowing the pH of our soil is important for two reasons: It allows us to figure what amendments we might need to make the soil more efficient for the crop we are to be growing It also determines nutrient availability (some nutrients become unavailable to plants at low or high pH levels) Slide #16

Make a chart in your lab notebook – use your resources Soil Characteristic Function in Plants What happens in Excess What happens when depleted Source of Evidence Nitrogen Potassium Phosphorus pH