U.S. Imperialism ( ) APUSH DAY 61 / Feb. 10, 2014

The United States and Foreign Relations Before the 1890s Lincoln’s Secretary of State William H. Seward promotes the U.S. becoming a world empire 1867 – Seward engineered the U.S. purchase of Alaska from Russia (and was ridiculed for it)

The United States and Foreign Relations Before the 1890s A period of foreign policy inaction Before 1890,the U.S. did not attempt to imperialize because… o U.S. expansion was primarily westward o Industrial Revolution and immigration keeps the U.S. occupied o Opposed to potential warfare/violence (after the Civil War)

Why imperialism? Economic o U.S. desires more natural resources and markets post Industrial Revolution Military o Famous book Influence of Sea Power upon History says country with strong power over the seas are the most powerful nations in history Political o U.S. wants to compete with European countries who were fighting for control in Asia and Africa Ideological o Americans believe their culture is superior after removal of Native Americans; believed in “ Manifest Destiny,” “ Social Darwinism ” Religious o U.S. missionaries want to spread their religion and convert natives to Christianity Exploratory o U.S. wanted to explore for the purpose of the reasons listed above

An Imperialist President William McKinley ( ) Republican In his inaugural address, said the U.S. would be neutral Ended up leading America’s imperialism of Hawaii, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines

Hawaii United States wants Hawaii as a military base Interested in their sugar plantations Missionaries came to Hawaii o Brought diseases o Degraded Hawaiian culture American sugar planters forced King Kalakaua to accept a new constitution that restricted his power White American planation owners, Asian immigrant workers

Annexation of Hawaii In 1891, the king dies and Queen Liliuokalani takes the throne She attempts to reduce American influence Pro-American sugar planters want to avoid tariffs (taxes) on sugar In 1893, pro-American sugar planters and the American marines overthrow the queen U.S. Senate debates added Hawaii to America, President McKinley states its “manifest destiny” that the U.S. control Hawaii Hawaii becomes part of U.S.

Spanish-American War 1898 Spanish colonies: Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam, Rio de Oro

Cuba in the late-1800s Cuba is a Spanish colony Spain grows sugar and tobacco in Cuba

Facts about Cuba 1492 : Cuba becomes a colony of Spain o Spain uses Cuba to export fruit, sugar, tobacco to the U.S : Cubans begin rebelling against the Spanish o Spain wanted to tax Cuba and restrict their trade 1895: Spain sends troops into Cuba and forces farmers to live in re-concentration camps o Conditions are AWFUL in the camps

Cuban Immigrants ask the U.S. to Intervene in Cuba Upset by how the Spanish treat the Cubans, Cuban immigrants living in the U.S. asked the U.S. government to intervene However, the U.S. government did not intervene in 1895 because they did not want to spend money on the conflict or get involved in a war. Jose Marti (Cuban immigrant to the U.S. and journalist)

Cuban Immigrants ask the U.S. to Intervene in Cuba

Explosion of the U.S.S. Maine In early 1898 riots broke out in Havana, Cuba as tension increased between Spaniards and Cubans. President McKinley ordered that the battleship Maine move into the Havana harbor to protect U.S. citizens and property. On February 15, 1898 an explosion sank the Maine – killing 250 U.S. sailors. Though it is unclear what caused the explosion, Americans blamed the Spanish for the explosion.

Explosion of the U.S.S. Maine

U.S. Declares War on Spain In March 1898, President McKinley sent the Spanish a list of demands. o (1) Compensation for the Maine, (2) an end to the concentration camps, and (3) Cuban independence. Spain did accept some of the U.S. demands However, after pressure from the public, on April 11 th, 1898 McKinley sent a war message to Congress. On April 25, 1898 the United States declared war on Spain.

Spain and the Philippines The Philippines had been a colony of Spain since Filipinos were also waging a war of independence against the Spaniards in the late 1800s. Some U.S. government officials were interested in the Philippines because it could lead to U.S. economic and political expansion in Asia.

Content Review Questions 1.Why didn’t the U.S. imperialize prior to the 1890s? 2.Why did the U.S. want to imperialize in 1890? 3.Why did the U.S. take over Hawaii? 4.What countries of the world did Spain control before the Spanish-American war? 5.Why did the United States go to war with Spain in 1898? 6.Why was the United Sates interested in the Philippines?

Content Writing Practice Respond to the following question in writing with as much detail as you can: Did the United States try to imperialize in the late 1800s?