American Government C H A P T E R 9 INTEREST GROUPS
The Role of Interest Groups Interest groups: private organizations whose members share views & work to shape public policy. Public policy: all of the goals government sets & the actions it takes to realize goals. Interest groups exist to shape public policy. Chapter 9, Section 1
Political Party & Interest Group Differences Nominations Parties responsible for nominating process; IGs hope to influence nominations. Primary Focus Parties interested in winning elections & controlling government; IGs interested in influencing government. Scope of Interest Parties concerned with all public affairs; IGs focus on issues concerning members. Chapter 9, Section 1
Valuable Functions of Interest Groups IGs raise awareness of public affairs : issues concerning people. IGs represent people sharing attitudes rather than geography. IGs provide information to govt. agencies & legislators. IGs are vehicles for political participation. IGs keep tabs on public agencies & officials. IGs compete. Chapter 9, Section 1
Criticisms Some have influence out of proportion to size/importance. Can be difficult to tell who/how many ppl served. Don’t always represent ppl they claim to speak for. Sometimes use bribery, threats, etc. Chapter 9, Section 1
Chapter 9, Section 2 * Reasons for Interest Groups Most founded on basis of economic interest, esp. business, labor, agricultural, & professional interests. Some grounded in geographic area. Some based on cause or idea, like environmentalism. Some promote welfare of groups of people, like retired citizens. Some run by religious organizations.
Public-Interest Groups A public-interest group seeks to institute public policies that benefit all/most people in country, whether belonging to organization or not. Chapter 9, Section 2
Influencing Public Opinion Interest groups reach out to public: 1. To supply information to support group’s interests 2. To build positive image for group 3. To promote particular policy Chapter 9, Section 3
Propaganda Propaganda: technique of persuasion to influence individuals/groups. To create belief which may be true or false. Propaganda disregards info. that doesn’t support its conclusion. It presents only one side of an issue. Propaganda often uses name-calling & inflammatory labels. Chapter 9, Section 3
Influencing Parties and Elections Political Action Committees (PACs) raise and distribute money to candidates who will further their goals. Chapter 9, Section 3
Lobbying Lobbying: a group pressures legislators & influences legislative process. Lobbying affects legislature, government agencies, executive branch, & even courts. Most important IGs have lobbyists in Washington, D.C. Chapter 9, Section 3
Lobbyists at Work Lobbyists: Send articles, reports, other info. to officeholders. Testify before legislative committees. Bring “grass-roots” pressures through , letters, phone calls from constituents. Rate candidates & publicize the ratings. Make campaign contributions. Chapter 9, Section 3