STANDARD(S): 12.1 Students explain the fundamental principles and moral values of American democracy. LEARNING OBJECTIVES/ GOALS/ SWBAT 1.Identify the three concepts of government that influenced the American colonies. 2.Explain the influence of three landmark English documents. 3.Describe the three types of colonies that the English established in the American colonies.
Chapter 2: Origins of American Government Section 1
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 4 Chapter 2, Section 1 Key Terms limited government: the idea that government is restricted in what it may do and that every individual has certain rights that government cannot remove representative government: the idea that government should both serve and be guided by the will of the people Magna Carta: the Great Charter signed in 1215 that limited the powers of the English king and guaranteed certain fundamental rights
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 5 Chapter 2, Section 1 Key Terms, cont. due process: protection against the unjust taking of life, liberty, or property Petition of Right: a document signed in 1628 that required the English king to obey the law of the land and increased the influence of Parliament English Bill of Rights: a document signed in 1689 that required free elections and guaranteed many basic rights, such as due process and trial by jury, to all English citizens
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 6 Chapter 2, Section 1 Key Terms, cont. charter: a written grant of authority from the king bicameral: having two houses, as in a two-house legislature proprietary: the name given to colonies organized and governed according to the will of a proprietor, a person granted land and authority by the king unicameral: having only one house, as in a one house legislature
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 7 Chapter 2, Section 1 Introduction What ideas and traditions influenced government in the English Colonies? –English customs and ideas about government, including: The idea of ordered government The principle of limited government The principle of representative government –English historical documents, including: The Magna Carta The Petition of Right The English Bill of Rights
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 8 Chapter 2, Section 1 Concepts of Government The English colonists brought with them political ideas that had developed over centuries in England. –Some ideas, such as the rule of law, had roots in early Asian and African civilizations. –Other influences came from the ancient Romans, who occupied England. –Many key political ideas were written into landmark English documents.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 9 Chapter 2, Section 1 Key Political Concepts Ordered government –Local governments should be divided into units and ruled by officers according to law. Limited government –Individual citizens have basic rights –There are limits on government power Representative government –Government should serve the will of the people. –In other words, people should have a say in what the government does or does not do.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 10 Chapter 2, Section 1 Guided Review Basic Concepts of Government 1. What is ordered government? is the orderly regulation of people's relationships with one another.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 11 Chapter 2, Section 1 Guided Review Basic Concepts of Government 2. What is limited government? is the idea that government is not all-powerful.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 12 Chapter 2, Section 1 Guided Review Basic Concepts of Government 3. What is representative government? is the idea that government serves the will of the people.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 13 Chapter 2, Section 1 The Magna Carta Signed by King John in 1215 Created by English barons to put limits on the once absolute power of the King. –Guaranteed certain fundamental rights for the privileged, such as trial by jury and due process of law. –Over time, these rights were extended to all English people.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 14 Chapter 2, Section 1 Guided Review Landmark English Documents 4. How did the Magna Carta affect English government? The Magna Carta introduced trial by jury and due process of law, and limited the king's power.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 15 Chapter 2, Section 1 The Petition of Right The Petition of Right was signed by King Charles I in –Banned the king from imprisoning or punishing people without first following the laws of the land. –Kept the king from declaring military rule in times of peace or making people house soldiers. –Required the consent of Parliament for taxation.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 16 Chapter 2, Section 1 Guided Review Landmark English Documents 5. How did the Petition of Right affect English government? The Petition of Right stipulated that political critics could not be imprisoned or punished without a jury trial, martial law could not be imposed during peacetime, troops could not be quartered without homeowners' consent, and taxes could not be levied without the consent of Parliament.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 17 Chapter 2, Section 1 The English Bill of Rights Checkpoint: What were the limitations set by the English Bill of Rights? –The English Bill of Rights was drawn up by Parliament in 1689 to prevent the abuse of power by all future monarchs. Required the consent of Parliament for taxation and suspension of laws. Promised the right to a fair trial, and to petition the monarchy to correct injustices.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 18 Chapter 2, Section 1 Guided Review Landmark English Documents 6. How did the English Bill of Rights affect English government? Parliament needed to give its permission to maintain a standing army in peacetime, to suspend or execute laws, and to levy money for the use of the Crown. The bill also guaranteed fair trials, freedom from excessive bail, and freedom from cruel and unusual punishment.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 19 Chapter 2, Section 1 American Rights This chart compares the rights guaranteed by the Magna Carta and the English Bill of Rights with the freedoms listed in the Virginia Bill of Rights and the Bill of Rights in the U.S. Constitution.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 20 Chapter 2, Section 1 The Thirteen Colonies The colonies were established over a span of 125 years. –Virginia was the first colony, founded in –Georgia was the last, formed in The similarities among the colonies ultimately outweighed their differences. Each colony was established on the basis of a charter granted by the king. –These charters granted some governing authority to the colonies and kept some for the king.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 21 Chapter 2, Section 1 Three Types of Colonies Royal colonies were directly controlled by the king. Proprietary colonies were run by a proprietor chosen by the king. Charter colonies were run mainly by elected legislatures and were the most independent. –How many royal colonies were left at this time? How were royal colonies and charter colonies different?
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 22 Chapter 2, Section 1 Royal Colonies The governor was appointed by the king. –The upper house of the colonial legislature was also appointed by the king and served as the colony’s highest court. –The lower house was elected by colonists who owned enough property to vote. –The governor had to approve all laws.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 23 Chapter 2, Section 1 Guided Review Government in the Colonies 7. How were royal colonies governed? Royal colonies were subject to the direct control of the crown through a governor and a bicameral legislature.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 24 Chapter 2, Section 1 Proprietary Colonies The proprietor appointed the governor. –These colonies were run much like royal colonies. –Of the proprietary colonies, Pennsylvania had an unusually democratic government with a unicameral legislature.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 25 Chapter 2, Section 1 Guided Review Government in the Colonies 8. How were proprietary colonies governed? Proprietary colonies were owned by private citizens who appointed governors aided by legislatures; these colonies were still subject to English law.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 26 Chapter 2, Section 1 Guided Review Government in the Colonies 9. How were charter colonies governed? Charter colonies were self-governing under the terms of original charters granted by the monarch; these colonies elected their own bicameral legislatures and governors, who served with approval of the king
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 27 Chapter 2, Section 1 Review Now that you have learned what ideas and traditions influenced government in the English Colonies, go back and answer the Chapter Essential Question. –How does the Constitution reflect the times in which it was written?
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 28 Chapter 2, Section 1 Charter Colonies Checkpoint: What is the difference between a proprietary colony and a charter colony? Governors in charter colony were elected by property-owning colonists and lacked veto power. –The elected bicameral legislature could pass laws without the approval of the king. –Judges were appointed by the legislature. –Virginia and Massachusetts each had their charters revoked, becoming royal colonies. –Charter colonies enjoyed the most freedoms.
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc.Slide 29 Chapter 2, Section 1 Guided Review Vocabulary 10. written grant of authority from the king to establish a colony charter 11. government that is not all- powerful limited government 12. consisting of two houses, as in a legislature bicameral 13. government that serves the will of the people representative government 14. document written in 1215 limiting the power of the English monarchy Magna Carta