The electromagnetic spectrum Light is one kind of electromagnetic energy. We can see 400-700 nm (somewhat arbitrary cut-offs). Longer is infrared, shorter.

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Presentation transcript:

The electromagnetic spectrum Light is one kind of electromagnetic energy. We can see nm (somewhat arbitrary cut-offs). Longer is infrared, shorter is ultraviolet. Some animals can see IR or UV.

Properties of a sinusoidal wave Amplitude, wavelength (or frequency), phase. Wavelength determines perceived color of light Newton: “the waves are not coloured”

Light travels in straight lines (let’s pretend) Geometric optics: light rays, straight lines. Emission, transmission, absorption, reflection, refraction

Pinhole camera 1 pinhole: sharp but dim 2 pinholes: brighter but double image

Improved camera Use prisms to align images A lens: a continuum of prisms with a continuum of pinholes

Eye vs. camera Lens/focus Aperture Shutter speed Film/CCD Film speed Color vs. B&W etc...

The human eye

Blindspot demo Draw on a piece of blank paper Close left eye; fixate “x” with right eye Move paper near and far until circle vanishes

Focus: cornea plus lens Distant object Near object (Lens needs to change shape to achieve focus)

Near and farsightedness Eyeball too long: myopia Eyeball just right: emmetropia Eyeball too short: hyperopia

Correction is expressed in diopters Diopter = 1/(focal length) Diopters are nice because they add Correction (glasses or contacts) is expressed in diopters. Example: Ted’s correction is about -5.5 (myopic). Corrected vision does not mean 20/20 vision.

Other problems... Lens too stiff: presbyopia Cloudy lens: cataract Different focal length on different axes: astigmatism.

The compound eye

Rods and Cones

The retina

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