Anatomy and Physiology Unit 5 Sophie Bevan

Recap What is ATP? What are the measurements for energy? What is energy used for? What forms can energy take?

Today Energy (more detail) Respiration (Cellular, Aerobic and Anaerobic)

Energy Energy is required for growth, repair, movement and other metabolic activities Cells need energy for various purposes; e.g. cell division, movement, maintaining body temperature, building large molecules (synthesis)

Energy Food is the source of chemical energy for most living things. Fats contain more than twice as much energy per gram as either carbohydrates or proteins (which both contain about the same as each other).

Respiration Respiration is the release of energy from glucose (or other organic substances)..

Respiration There are two main types of respiration, aerobic and anaerobic. Aerobic respiration takes place in the presence of oxygen.

Aerobic Respiration Cells need oxygen to release energy from food. This process is called aerobic respiration. We can describe what happens by using a word equation: GLUCOSE + OXYGEN -> ENERGY + CARBON DIOXIDE + WATER

Respiration Carbon dioxide is a waste product of respiration and is formed from carbon and oxygen which were originally part of the food molecules. Heat energy may be released from cells during respiration.

Cellular Respiration What is it? Cellular respiration is the set of the metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.

Cellular Respiration What is it? The reactions involved in respiration are catabolic reactions. Respiration is one of the key ways a cell gains useful energy to fuel cellular changes.

Energy Sources Nutrients that are commonly used by animal and plant cells in respiration include sugar, amino acids and fatty acids, and a common oxidizing agent is oxygen (O 2 ). Organisms that use oxygen in respiration are described as aerobic.

How is energy Produced? The energy released in respiration is used to synthesize ATP to store this energy. The energy stored in ATP can then be used to drive processes requiring energy, including biosynthesis, locomotion or transportation of molecules across cell membranes.

Energy Production: Aerobic Respiration Aerobic respiration requires oxygen in order to generate energy (ATP). Although carbohydrates, fats, and proteins can all be processed and consumed as reactant, it is the preferred method to break them (pyruvate) down in glycolysis. This requires that pyruvate enter the mitochondrion in order to be fully oxidized by the Krebs cycle. The product of this process is energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate).

How is energy Produced? Through aerobic respiration which has 3 main stages: Glycolysis Krebs Cycle Oxidative Phosphorylation (Electron Transport Chain)