AGE OF EXPLORATION CHAPTER 13 SECTION 1

COUNTRIES WHO DOMINATED EXPLORATION After Marco Polo’s written account “The Travels” Christopher Columbus read the book and became fascinated by the exotic East. Conquests by the Ottoman Turks reduced the ability of Westerners to travel by land to the East. A new thought…. Let’s travel to Asia by sea! Portugal Spain Netherlands England France

ROUTES OF EXPLORERS

MOTIVES FOR EXPLORATION Expanding trade Finding precious metals To spread Christianity For fame and reputation “God, glory and gold”

PORTUGUESE EXPLORERS Took the lead in European exploration Sponsorship by Prince Henry the Navigator First achievement: Discovered a new source of gold. Southern coast of West Africa became known to Europeans as the Gold Coast. Vasco da Gama: went around the cape and cut across the Indian Ocean to the coast of India. Admiral Afonso de Alburquerque: set up a port at Goa, on the Western coast of India. Then, he sailed into Melaka= a thriving spice trade port on the Malay Peninsula. From Melaka, the Portuguese launced expeditions to China and the Spice Islands. Signed a treaty with a local ruler for the purchase and export of cloves to the European market. Portugal was in control of the Spice trade.

SPANISH EXPLORERS They already knew that the world was round, no idea of it’s circumference, the size of the Asian continent, or that another continent lay to the west between Europe and Asia (Africa) While the Portuguese sailed East, the Spanish sailed westward across the Atlantic Ocean to find the route to Asia. Christopher Columbus: reached where he explored the coast line of Cuba and the Island of Hispaniola. By his fourth voyage, he reached all the major Caribbean islands and Honduras in Central America- all of which he called the Indies.

SPANISH EXPLORERS Ferdinand Magellan: Searching for the sea passage through America Magellan passed through a waterway (later named after him) into the Pacific Ocean. The fleet reached the Philippines, but Magellan was killed by the native people there. Magellan is still remembered as the first person to circumnavigate the globe.

NEW LANDS TO EXPLORE Treaty of Tordesillas: (1494) Called for a line of division extending from north to south through the Atlantic Ocean and the easternmost part of the South American continent. Unexplored territories east of the line-  Portugal West of the Line  Spain

MORE COUNTRIES IN THE RACE… John Cabot: Explored the New England coastline of the Americas for England. Amerigo Vespucci: a Florentine, went along on several voyages. His letters describing what he saw were used to name America “America” after Amerigo. Even though there were civilizations already in this new discovered land, Europeans saw this “new world” as a place for great opportunity.

THE SPANISH EMPIRE Aztec Civilization Destroyed Central Mexico 1519, a Spanish force under Hernan Cortes began to take control of the land. Aztec were astounded to see the unfamiliar sight of men on horseback with firearms and cannons and steel swords. Aztec soon experienced new disasters  diseases carried from the Europeans killed off plenty of Aztecs. Conquest of the Inca Francisco Pizarro: 1530, landed on the Pacific coast of South America with only a small band of about 180 men. The Inca Empire also experienced an epidemic of smallpox Hispaniola= population went from 250,000 to 500 Native Americas Mexico= population dropped from 25 million in 1500 to 1 million in 1630.

THE COLUMBIA EXCHANGE The exchange of plants and animals between Europe and the Americas was known as the Columbia Exchange. Transformed Economic activity in both worlds.

EXIT CLASSWORK ASSIGNMENT Title your papers Chapter 13, section 1 Page 437 (2- 6) and Page 439 1& 2 Write in complete sentences Restate the question in your answer. QUIZ ON SECTION 1 NEXT CLASS