Physics 101: Lecture 12, Pg 1 Physics 101: Lecture 12 Collisions and Explosions l Today’s lecture covers Textbook Sections Exam II

Physics 101: Lecture 12, Pg 2 Overview of Semester l Newton’s Laws   F = m a l Work-Energy   F = m a multiply both sides by d   W =  KE Energy is “conserved” è Useful when know Work done by forces l Impulse-Momentum   F = m a multiply both sides by  t   I =  p Momentum is “conserved” è Useful when EXTERNAL forces are known è Works in each direction independently

Physics 101: Lecture 12, Pg 3 Collisions “before” “after” m1m1 m2m2 m1m1 m2m2 Explosions “before” “after” M m1m1 m2m2 Draw “before”, “after” Define system so that F ext = 0 Set up axes Compute P total “before” Compute P total “after” Set them equal to each other Procedure

Physics 101: Lecture 12, Pg 4 ACT A railroad car is coasting along a horizontal track with speed V when it runs into and connects with a second identical railroad car, initially at rest. Assuming there is no friction between the cars and the rails, what is the speed of the two coupled cars after the collision? A. V B. V/2 C. V/4 D. 0 Demo with gliders  P initial =  P final M V = M V f + M V f V = 2V f V f = V/2

Physics 101: Lecture 12, Pg 5 ACT What physical quantities are conserved in the above collision? A. Only momentum is conserved B. Only total mechanical energy is conserved C. Both are conserved D. Neither are conserved CORRECT Mechanical Energy = Kinetic Energy + Potential E = ½ m v K initial = ½ m v 2 K final = ½ m (v/2) 2 + ½ m (v/2) 2 = ¼ m v 2 Elastic Collisions: collisions that conserve mechanical energy Inelastic Collisions: collisions that do not conserve mechanical energy * Completely Inelastic Collisons: objects stick together

Physics 101: Lecture 12, Pg 6 Preflight 1 & 2 Is it possible for a system of two objects to have zero total momentum and zero total kinetic energy after colliding, if both objects were moving before the collision? 1. YES 2. NO “Two cars crashing in a perfect inelastic collision.” “If two African laden swallows were flying towards each other with an equal magnitude of momentum, and they collided completely inelastically, becoming a monster two-headed African laden swallow, then the total kinetic energy after the collision is zero, and the sum of the momentums is also zero.” CORRECT Demo with gliders

Physics 101: Lecture 12, Pg 7 H LL LL m M A projectile of mass m moving horizontally with speed v strikes a stationary mass M suspended by strings of length L. Subsequently, m + M rise to a height of H. Given H, M and m what is the initial speed v of the projectile? M + m v V V=0 See I.E. 1 in homework Ballistic Pendulum demo Collision Conserves Momentum 0+m v = (M+m) V After, Conserve Energy ½ (M+m) V 2 +0 = 0+(M+m) g H V = sqrt(2 g H) Combine:

Physics 101: Lecture 12, Pg 8 Explosions “before” “after” M m1m1 m2m2 Example: m 1 = M/3 m 2 = 2M/3 Which block has larger |momentum|? * Each has same |momentum| Which block has larger speed? * mv same for each  smaller mass has larger velocity Which block has larger kinetic energy? * KE = mv 2 /2 = m 2 v 2 /2m = p 2 /2m *  smaller mass has larger KE Is mechanical (kinetic) energy conserved? * NO!! v1v1 v2v2 A=1, B=2, C=same 0 = p 1 +p 2 p 1 = -p 2

Physics 101: Lecture 12, Pg 9 Collisions or Explosions in Two Dimensions y x before after P total,x and P total,y independently conserved P total,x,before = P total,x,after P total,y,before = P total,y,after

Physics 101: Lecture 12, Pg 10 Explosions ACT “before” M A B Which of these is possible? (Ignore friction and gravity) A B C =both D = Neither “after” P x = 0 and P y = 0  P x = 0, but  P y > 0  P x = 0, and  P y = 0

Physics 101: Lecture 12, Pg 11 Center of Mass Center of Mass = Balance point l Shown is a yummy doughnut. Where would you expect the center of mass of this breakfast of champions to be located? Center of Mass! in my stomach doughnuts don't have a center of mass because they are removed and sold as doughnut hole The fact that that doughnut is "yummy" is debatable if you ask me. I prefer mine with chocolate frosting and some sort of filling. The center of mass then is much easier to figure out. It's clearly the center of the jelly or custard filling area.

Physics 101: Lecture 12, Pg 12 Center of Mass Center of Mass of a system behaves in a SIMPLE way - moves like a point particle! - velocity of CM is unaffected by collision if F ext = 0 (pork chop demo) P tot = M tot V cm F ext  t =  P tot = M tot  V cm So if F ext  = 0 then V cm is constant Also: F ext = M tot a cm

Physics 101: Lecture 12, Pg 13 Summary Collisions and Explosions Draw “before”, “after” Define system so that F ext = 0 Set up axes Compute P total “before” Compute P total “after” Set them equal to each other Center of Mass (Balance Point)