AP Biology DNA Structure & Replication

Nucleic Acid Structure

Complimentary Base Pairing

S Phase of Cell Cycle

Theta Replication in Prokaryotes Origin of replication Replication fork Termination of replication

Linear Replication in Eukaryotes

. The parent molecule has two complementary strands of DNA. Each base is paired by hydrogen bonding with its specific partner, A with T and G with C.

. The parent molecule has two complementary strands of DNA. Each base is paired by hydrogen bonding with its specific partner, A with T and G with C. The first step in replication is separation of the two DNA strands.

Semi Conservative process of DNA Replication The parent molecule has two complementary strands of DNA. Each base is paired by hydrogen bonding with its specific partner, A with T and G with C. The first step in replication is separation of the two DNA strands. Each parental strand now serves as a template that determines the order of nucleotides along a new, complementary strand.

Origins and Replication bubbles

DNA Replication

DNA Replication by adding Nucleosides on the 3’ end New strand 5 end Phosphate Base Sugar Template strand 3 end 5 end 3 end 5 end 3 end 5 end 3 end Nucleoside triphosphate DNA polymerase Pyrophosphate

5 Carbon Sugar Important Parts (It could be DNA or RNA)

Helicase is the GREEN “blob”

RNA Primer (Remember, RNA is temporary)

. New strand 5 end Phosphate Base Sugar Template strand 3 end 5 end 3 end 5 end 3 end 5 end 3 end Nucleoside triphosphate DNA polymerase Pyrophosphate

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Telomere Removal at the Chromosome Ends End of parental DNA strands 5 3 Lagging strand 5 3 Last fragment RNA primer Leading strand Lagging strand Previous fragment Primer removed but cannot be replaced with DNA because no 3 end available for DNA polymerase 5 3 Removal of primers and replacement with DNA where a 3 end is available Second round of replication Further rounds of replication New leading strand Shorter and shorter daughter molecules

Apoptosis in the hand