UNIT 6: #8 Unit VI, Notes #8: The Allies Turn the Tide

***I. All-Out War U.S and Britain  Increased governmental power  Total war  Restricted rights  Propaganda  Japanese internment camps Women help win the war  Jobs in factories/ construction  Rosie the Riveter  Served in military auxilery roles

***II. Battle of the Atlantic 1939 – 1945 (Jan – July 1943 were decisive) German U-Boats were sinking unprotected U.S. and other Allies' merchant ships Allies began using convoys to protect ships The Allies also used a sonar system to detect German U- Boats The Germans were very successful in the beginning, but by mid , the Allies had the upper hand

***III. The Allies Forge Ahead North Africa  Eisenhower defeats Rommel (May, 1943) Europe  “Big Three”- Churchill, FDR, Stalin agree to focus on Europe first (Nov, 1943)

"The Battle of the Atlantic was the only thing that really frightened me" - Winston Churchill.

***III. The Allies Forge Ahead cont. Italy-  July 1943, U.S. British forces land in Italy  Italians defeated but fighting continues vs. Germans Soviet Union  Battle of Stalingrad- July Feb 1943  bitter street by street fighting  Soviets encircled attackers  Huge German losses/battle winter

***IV. The Allies Push Toward Germany June 6, D-Day- invasion of France (Normandy)  Generals Dwight D. Eisenhower and George Patton influential in leading attack  Round the clock bombing of Germany  During this time, Soviet Union was pushing into Poland and Allies were pushing North in Italy  3 million ally troops to attack

Normandy Invasion cont. (don’t need to copy) D – Day  60 mile stretch of beach  156,000 troops  4,000 landing craft  600 warships  11,000 planes  Largest land-sea-air operation in history  Omaha beach known as one of the most brutal areas

Battle of the Bulge- Dec  September 1944, France was freed from Nazi control  Massive German Counterattack: Germans were winning in the beginning  Last German offensive  120,000 Germans died (also lost 600 tanks and guns and 1,600 planes – leading to defeat))  80,000 Americans died  After, Allied victory was certain

Yalta – “The Big 3”

***V. Yalta Conference Big Three agreed to divide Germany into 4 occupation zones Soviets would enter war with Japan in three months Disagreement on Eastern Europe  Stalin wanted control  FDR, Churchill wanted self- determination  Stalin agreed to free elections

At the beginning of his 4 th Term, President Franklin D. Roosevelt passes away (April 12, 1945) -The U.S. went through a major grieving period -Harry S. Truman, as Vice-President, takes the role as President May 8, 1945: V-E day = Victory in Europe day

The end of Hitler April 30, 1945 Hitler and Eva Braun commit suicide (gun shot and cyanide) Bodies burned in street Cover of Time magazine May 7, 1945

***VI. V-E Day May 8, 1945 General Eisenhower accepted a surrender by the Third Reich V-E day = Victory in Europe day 1 st part of War was over