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Bruce Maggs relying on materials from

Bruce Maggs relying on materials from

Bruce Maggs relying on materials from

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Tor Bruce Maggs relying on materials from

2

How Tor Works 3

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5

Encryption Keys in TOR Each relay has a long-term ``identity’’ public/private key pair used to sign TLS certificates (public keys signed by directory) Medium-term (one week) public/private ``onion’’ keys are used to decrypt requests to extend circuits – so first node can’t spoof the whole path Short-term “connection” keys used to negotiation TLS connections 6

How Tor Works 7

Bridge Relays (a.k.a. Bridges) Some ISPs/governments block all traffic to relays that appear in the Tor directory. Bridges are relays that don’t appear in the directory. User has to solve the problem of finding a bridge. 8

Solve a Captcha to get Bridge Address 9

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Growth of Tor Network 11

Growth of Tor Network 12

Spike in Number of Users 13

Possible Explanation for Spike Botnet “Mevade.A” a.k.a. “Sefnit” a.k.a. “SBC” is using Tor for connectivity botnet-cause-of-recent-tor-network- overload/ 14

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Tor Exit Nodes See Plaintext! 16

Tor Browser 17

Tor Browser 18

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Tor-Aware Web Servers 20 Connect directly to Tor, do not advertise their network addresses.

Establishing a Hidden Service 21

Establishing a Hidden Service 22

Finding a Hidden Service 23

Contacting a Hidden Service 24

Contacting a Hidden Service 25

Communicating with a Hidden Service 26

Using Tor as a SOCKS5 Proxy Can tunnel any TCP connection through Tor (and DNS requests) First run the Tor browser, it will also act as a SOCKS5 proxy and accept connections Configure your application, e.g., chat, to use as SOCKS5 proxy 27

Configure HexChat to use Proxy 28

Now Chatting through Tor 29

4 30