Catalyst How has population growth effected society? Think about water sources, energy sources, ecosystems, etc.

Agenda Review – The Lithosphere Review Packet and Worksheets Trashketball (teams) Exit Ticket (socrative)

The Lithosphere JGXi_9A__Vc

The Lithosphere Lithosphere = outer surface of the Earth – The Earth is made up of Four layers. crust mantle inner core outer core

ROCKS

Weathering Mechanical or physical - breaking a rock into smaller pieces WITHOUT changing composition Chemical Weathering – breaking a rock into smaller pieces while changing the composition

Soil the result of weathering of rocks and the decomposition of plant and animal material

Soil Size – Gravel – Sand – Silt – clay

Soil

Alfred Wegener In 1912, created his hypothesis called “ continental drift. ” Continental drift = hypothesis that the Earth’s continents had once been joined as a single landmass then moved apart

Pangaea

Continental Drift

Evidence of CONTINENTAL DRIFT Geology – rocks and mountain ranges Fossils Climate – glacier deposits in hot areas Seafloor Spreading and Renewal

Plate tectonics Lithosphere is divided into 7 major plates The plates can move and change shape and size plate tectonics = the theory that Earth's outer shell is divided into several plates that glide over the mantle explains the features and movement of Earth's surface in the present and the past Mountains Volcanoes earthquakes

3 Types of plate boundaries Divergent Convergent Transform

Earthquake An earthquake is the vibration of Earth produced by rapid release of energy

Focus is the point within Earth where the earthquake starts Epicenter is the location on the surface directly above the focus

Faults A crack or fracture in the Earth’s crust Large faults within the Earth's crust result from the action of plate tectonic forcescrustplate tectonic – The largest forming the boundaries between the plates Hanging wall = top Foot wall = bottom

Volcanoes Form at the subduction zones of convergent boundaries Magma = melted rock below earth’s surface Lava = what we call magma once it erupts to the surface

Types of volcanoes Shield volcanoes Cinder cone volcanoes Composite cone volcanoes

Ring of Fire area where a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions occurearthquakesvolcanic

Hotspots Abnormally hot area of magma in the mantle – The magma then rises through the plates of the lithosphere and produces active volcanoes As oceanic volcanoes move away from the hot spot, they cool producing islands As continental volcanoes move away from hotspots, they cool and become extinct

Agenda Review – The Lithosphere Review Packet and Worksheets Trashketball (teams) Exit Ticket (socrative)