Acids Acids: produce H + ions Example: Taste sour Can burn Turn litmus paper red Naming Acids: 1 “hydro-” + Nonmetal element root + “-ic” acid Example:

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Sec. 18.1: Acids & Bases: An Introduction

Advertisements

Acids and Bases Chapter 16 Johannes N. Bronsted Thomas M. Lowry

Chapter 18 Acids, Bases, and Salts. Acids Acids Sour - lemons Sour - lemons Feel like water Feel like water React vigorously with metal React vigorously.

Acids & Bases. Properties of Acids & Bases  Acids Aqueous solutions of acids have a sour taste Turn blue litmus paper to red React with metals to produce.

Chapter 16 Acids and Bases Properties Arrhenius Definitions Bronsted-Lowry Definitions.

Acids and Bases. Properties of Acids  Sour taste  React w/ metals to form H 2  Most contain hydrogen  Are electrolytes  Change color in the presence.

Acids and Bases Chapter 19. Ions in Solution  Aqueous solutions contain H + ions and OH - ions  If a solution has more H + ions than OH - ions it is.

ACIDS AND BASES.

I. Introduction to Acids & Bases Acids & Bases. A. Properties  electrolytes  turn litmus red  sour taste  react with metals to form H 2 gas  slippery.

Properties of Acids and Bases Acids taste sour, will change the color of an acid base indicator, and can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solution.

Chem-To-Go Lesson 38 Unit 10.  Both acids and bases ionize or dissociate in water  Acids: taste sour, conduct electricity, cause certain indicators.

Chapter 19 Acids and Bases.

Chapter 8 Acids and Bases 8.1 Acids and Bases 1 Copyright © 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.

ACID AND BASES Definition and properties of Acid: Acid is defined as a substance whose aqueous solution possesses the following characteristic properties:

Acids-Bases Arrhenius: Acid…. A substance that increases the hydrogen ion, H +, concentration when dissolved in H 2 O. Eg. HCl, H 2 SO 4, HC 2 H 3 O 2.

I. Introduction to Acids & Bases

Properties of acids n Taste Sour (kids, don’t try this at home). n Conduct electricity. n Some are strong, some are weak electrolytes. n React with metals.

1 Some Properties of Acids þ Produce H + (as H 3 O + ) ions in water (the hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion attached to a water molecule) þ Taste sour þ.

Chapter 15 Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases. Properties of Acids and Bases Pg 236.

Aim: What are acids and bases?. Acids 1.Acids can be strong or weak electrolytes in aqueous solutions. 2.Acids (ex: HCl) react with certain metals to.

THE CHEMISTRY OF ACIDS AND BASES. ACID AND BASES.

ACIDS AND BASES Unit VII. I ELECTROLYTES  An electrolyte is a compound, that when dissolved in water, conducts electricity  How?  Ions (charges) produced.

Acids and bases.

Acids and Bases Unit 12. Properties of an Acid  Sour taste  Turns litmus paper red (and responds uniquely to other indicators)  Reacts with:  Hydroxide.

Ch 14.1 Properties of Acids and Bases. Acids  Are sour to taste  React with bases to produce salts and water.  React with metals and release H 2 gas.

Chapter 20 Acids and Bases Describing Acids and Bases Hydrogen Ions and Acidity Acid-Base Theories Strengths of Acids and Bases.

Chapter 13 Acids and Bases What are acids and Bases? A. Properties of Acids -tastes sour -conducts electricity -turn blue litmus paper red -reacts with.

Intro to Acids & Bases. Properties of Acids & Bases Acids Acids Taste sour Taste sour Reacts with metals Reacts with metals Turns litmus red Turns litmus.

1 Acids, Bases and PH. 2 Some Properties of Acids þ Produce H + (as H 3 O + ) ions in water (the hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion attached to a water molecule)

1 The Chemistry of Acids and Bases Chapter Some Properties of Acids þ Produce H + ions in water þ Taste sour þ Corrode metals þ Electrolytes þ React.

 Both acids and bases ionize or dissociate in water  Acids: taste sour, conduct electricity, cause certain indicators to change color,turn blue litmus.

Acids and Bases. Acids from the Latin word acere  “ sharp ” or “ sour ” taste sour (but you wouldn ’ t taste an acid to see) change litmus paper red.

Acids and Bases. Definitions: 1.Arrhenius- Acid- substance that dissociates in water to produce hydrogen ions - H + Examples: HC l, HNO 3, H 2 SO 4, etc.

Warm Up 4/14 How many protons and neutrons would an H+ ion have?

Acids, Bases, and Salts - Acids taste sour, will change the color of an indicators (chemical dyes), and can be strong or weak electrolytes (aqueous solutions.

CHAPTER 19 ACIDS & BASES. The pH scale The definition of pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion-concentration. Expressed mathematically,

Acid-Base Equilibrium According to Arrhenius theory, substances were acids if they contained hydrogen ion (H + ), and bases if they contained hydroxide.

Water Solutions of Acids Universal Indicator is yellow Turn phenolphthalein colorless Turn litmus paper red React with metals to give off hydrogen gas.

Acids and Bases Lesson 1 Acid & Base Properties (Strong & Weak acids)

Acids, Bases, & Salts. Properties  Taste Sour.  Can sting skin if open (cut).  React with metals to produce H 2 gas.  Disassociate in water to produce.

Topic: BASES Topic: BASES Do Now:. IDENTIFY a Base Covalent Formulas metal + OH (exception:NH 3 it’s a base too) Table L NOTWHY? CH 3 OH is NOT a base.

…all you need to “get” for the test… In 20 minutes!

Acids and Bases All you ever wanted to know, and more!

Acids and Bases. Some Properties of Acids þ Produce H + (as H 3 O + ) ions in water (the hydronium ion is a hydrogen ion attached to a water molecule)

Acids and Bases. Acid Properties Sour taste (citrus fruits) Sour taste (citrus fruits) Conduct electric current Conduct electric current Change the color.

1 Acids and Bases Operational definitions are based on observed properties. Compounds can be Classified as acid or base by observing these sets of properties.

Acids, Bases, & Salts Acid/Base Equilibrium

Taste sour Taste sour Form solution that conduct electricity Form solution that conduct electricity React with metals React with metals Turn blue litmus.

Introduction to Acids and Bases Chapter 19. What is and Acid? Arrhenius Acid Defined as any chemical that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions.

Acids and Bases. Drill – 4/23/08 Write everything you know about acids and bases!

I. Measuring Concentration 1.Molarity (M): the number of moles of solute dissolved per liter of solution; also known as molar concentration 2.Molality.

Definition of Acids Traditional (Arrhenius)- a chemical compound that contains hydrogen and ionizes in aqueous solutions to form hydrogen ions Examples:

Chapter 15 Acids bases acids Sour Turns litmus red Reacts with some metals to produce H 2 Phenolphthalein-clear Corrosive Conducts electricity bases Bitter.

Objectives Learn the properties and definitions of acids / bases.

Unit 13 Acids and Bases. A. Properties & Examples electrolyte turn litmus red sour taste slippery feel turn litmus blue bitter taste sticky feel electrolyte.

Acids and Bases. Arrhenius Acid and Base Bronsted-Lowry Acid and Base Lewis Acid and Base Conjugate Acid and Base.

“K” Chemistry (part 3 of 3) Chapter 15: Acids and Bases.

Warm Up 4/14 How many protons and neutrons would an H+ ion have?

ACIDS AND BASES Chapter 18. Properties of Acids taste SOUR acids change litmus RED their aqueous (water) solutions CONTAIN HYDRONIUM (H 3 O + ) IONS react.

ACIDS AND BASES Chapter 14. Acid/Base Chemistry Acid/Base Chemistry CHARACTERISTICS ACIDSBASES pH less than 7pH greater than 7 Donates H+ ionsAccepts.

CHAPTER 14 ACIDS AND BASES Properties of Acids and Bases

Acids and Bases.

Acid/Base Chemistry.

Acids and Bases.

Acids and Bases Pg. 119.

Acids and Bases.

Warm-Up What is an acid? What is a base?.

Acids and Bases.

Presentation transcript:

Acids Acids: produce H + ions Example: Taste sour Can burn Turn litmus paper red Naming Acids: 1 “hydro-” + Nonmetal element root + “-ic” acid Example: Hydrochloric acid HCl (g) H + (aq) + Cl - (aq)

Bases Bases: donate OH - ions Example: Taste bitter Feel soapy Turn litmus paper blue Hydroxide ions with group 1A or 2A metals 2 NaOH (s) Na + (aq) + OH - (aq)

Acids & Bases Bronsted-Lowry Acids: donate a proton HCl + H 2 O  H 3 O + + Cl - Bronsted-Lowry Bases: accept a proton N H 3 + H 2 O  NH OH - Conjugate acid-base pairs: one loses a proton, other gains a proton 3 A - is the conjugate base of HABH + is the conjugate acid of B HAHA+B+A-BH+BH+ H + donor H + acceptor H + acceptor

Acids & Bases 4

Strengths of Acids & Bases Strong acids & strong bases: –dissociate completely in water –only forward reaction Weak acids & weak bases: –Dissociate slightly in water –Both forward and reverse reactions 5 H2OH2O++NH 3 NH 4 + OH - Reaction will favor side with weaker acid and weaker base Water is a weaker acid than NH 4 + acid base NH 3 is a weaker base than OH -

Strengths of Acids & Bases 6

Dissociation Constants Equilibrium constants for weak acids and bases 7 H 2 O (l)++HA (aq)H 3 O + (aq)A - (aq)

Ionization of Water Water is amphoteric 8 H 2 O (l)+H 3 O + (aq)OH - (a q) 2 In pure water: Dissociation constant for water? K w =[H 3 O + ] [OH - ] =1.0 x M [H 3 O + ] = [OH - ]= 1.0 x M

Ionization of Water Calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions in coffee, an aqueous solution containing 1.0 x M H 3 O + ions 9 Calculate the concentration of hydroxide ions in milk, which contains 5.0 x M H 3 O + ions

The pH Scale Scale from 0 to 14 Acidic Neutral Basic 10 pH < 7[H 3 O + ] > 1.0 x M pH = 7[H 3 O + ] = 1.0 x M pH > 7[H 3 O + ] < 1.0 x M pH = -log[H 3 O + ] Milk: [H 3 O + ] = 5.0 x M pH of milk = -log[H 3 O + ] =-log[ 5.0 x M ]= 6.3

The pH Scale 11

Practice problem? Calculate the pH of a solution that has… [H 3 O + ] = 1.0 x M [OH-] = 4.0 x M 12