Cyber Security in Smart Grids BY ADITYA KANDULA DEVASIA THOMAS.

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Presentation transcript:

Cyber Security in Smart Grids BY ADITYA KANDULA DEVASIA THOMAS

Quick Recap  Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI)  ANSI C12.22  Security Levels(L0 to L5)  Tables in Meter Board

Cont’d..  Zigbee  Zigbee Security  Key Management  Key Establishment Schemes

The New Stuff!

Cyber Security Requirements  Availability  Integrity  Confidentiality

Cyber Security Requirements

Network Security threats in the Smart Grid

Network security threats: Attack Classification  Attacks targeting availability, also called denial-of-service(DoS) attacks, attempt to delay, block or corrupt the communication in the Smart Grid.  Attacks targeting integrity aim at deliberately and illegally modifying or disrupting data exchange in the Smart Grid.  Attacks targeting confidentiality intend to acquire unauthorized information from network resources in the Smart Grid.

Network Security threats: D-o-S

Network Security threats: Attacks on Integrity and Availability  Different from DoS, these attacks occur at the application layer.  Usually done with false data injection attacks.  Load redistribution attacks are another attack on Integrity  Wiretapping and traffic analyzers are attacks on confidentiality

Smart Grid Use Cases with Critical Security Requirements

 Distribution and transmission operation in which communication is time- critical for monitoring, control, and protection  AMI and home-area networks in which communication is primarily for interactions between customers and utilities

Distribution and transmission operation  Mission critical components  Hence Availability is a must

Distribution and transmission operation

Case 1  Potential Attacks:  DOS  Integrity targeting attacks

Distribution and transmission operation

Case 2  Potential Attacks:  DOS  Integrity targeting attacks

Distribution and transmission operation

Case 3  Potential Attacks:  DOS  Integrity targeting attacks

AMI and home area networks

Cases 4 & 5  Potential Attacks:  DOS  Integrity targeting attacks  Eavesdroppers and Traffic Analyzers

Summary: Smart Grid Threats  The distribution and transmission system in general features more time- critical yet less confidential communications.

Risk assessment of large-scale DoS attacks  Probabilistic risk assessment  Graph based assessment  Security metric based

Network countermeasures for the Smart Grid

Attack detection for power networks  Signal based detection  Packet based detection  Proactive detection  Hybrid detection

Attack detection for power networks

Applications of Attack Mitigation Mechanisms to Power Networks  Network-layer mitigation  Physical-layer mitigation

Network Layer Mitigation  Rate Limiting  Filtering  Reconfiguration

Physical Layer Mitigation  Coordinated Protocols  Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS)  Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS)  Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS)  Uncoordinated protocols  UFHSS  UDSSS

Network countermeasures for the Smart Grid

Encryption  Asymmetric Key Cryptography  Symmetric Key Cryptography D. R.L. Brown, M. J. Campagna, S. A. Vanstone, “Security of ECQV-Certified ECDSA Against Passive Adversaries”, Cryptology ePrint Archive: Report 2009/620.

Authentication  High Efficiency  Tolerance to faults and attacks  Multicast Support

Key Management  Refer to previous presentation

Design of secure network protocols and architectures

Protocols and standards for secure power system communication  Secure DNP3  IEC and IEC 62351

Secure data aggregation protocols  More efficient than end to end protocols  But requires more computing resources  Homomorphic encryption used

Secure network architecture  Trust computing based architecture  Role-based network architecture

Discussions and remaining challenges

Conclusion THANKYOU

Reference  Cyber security in the Smart Grid: Survey and challenges  Wenye Wang  Zhuo Lu  Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA  Elsevier Computer Networks 57 (2013) 1344–1371 Elsevier Computer Networks 57 (2013) 1344–1371