THE INUIT By: Brandon, Kobe, Marco, Jacob, and Max

Location Large area’s where the Inuit’s lived are: Northern Canada, Alaska, Greenland, Siberia. Westerns Inuit tribe lived in Mackenzie, River Valley. Copper Inuit tribe lived on Victoria Islands, and mainland regions of central Arctic. The Caribou Inuit lived in Western Hudson Bay.

Dance & Music The main instrument of the Inuit ceremonies and dances was “ the shallow”, one-sided drum. Most drums were made from caribou skin or walrus stomach or bladder stretched over a wooden hoop. Inuit vocal games are usually played by 2 women facing each other. Other people create beats. The game consists of repeating meaningless words in tight rhythmic canon. Drum dances usually occurred inside large snow houses (igloos) with up to 60 people. In song & dance they told stories of the spirits. Some dances were religious in nature, while others welcome travelers or celebrated a successful hunt.

Shelter There are 2 different types of homes for the Inuit depending on the season. Igloos are used for the winter. Igloos are made of blocks of ice and in the shaped of a dome. There are 3 traditional types of igloos. The smallest was used mainly for 1 to 2 nights and normally built for a hunting trip. Intermediate sized igloos were meant for families. Large igloos normally hold up 20 people and up to 5 rooms. A Tupiq is a traditional tent made from seal skin. It held around 10 people. It also was portable for travel and lasted several years.

Social and Political Structure - Marriage was important to Inuit people Men and women had roles in marriages: - Men would have built the houses, hunted and fished - Women would have cooked, dressed the animal skins, make clothing and look after the children. - During Winter families would hunt together, but wouldn’t in the Summer

Beliefs and Ceremonies - Believed in Animism - Shamans were the only people powerful enough to control the spirits - Bad weather, illness and a bad hunt were blamed on displeased spirits - They had to pay deep respect to animals they hunted so they can be reborn to get sacrificed again - There were certain rules in order to appease the spirits - Shamans performed healing rituals in Kashims Only the Shaman knew where the entrance was to the Kashim - They believed that an animal soul was in the bladder so they would honour it

Clothing and Adornment - Mostly made out of animal skins and furs - Caribou skin was common choice - Also used: Dog, squirrel, marmot, fox and more. - Sea animal intestines were used - All clothing was tailored - Wore parkas, snow goggles, and four layers or footwear - Women wore different kinds of parkas to hold young children Snow gogglesMen’s parkaWomen’s parka

Food -The Inuit were skilled hunters who caught food year round. Even during the cold winters. -Some animals that were hunted were: -Caribou - Polar bear -Musk Oxen - Arctic Hare -Artic Fox - Artic Birds.

 Hunting/Fishing/Agriculture - The Inuit people were mainly hunters and relied heavily on the animals of the arctic. - Since very little vegetation could survive in the Arctic climate, the Inuit could not depend solely on plants for food. - Sea mammals were usually hunted during the winter when they were out on the ice. - However some mammals were hunted in open water like whales and narwhals.

Warfare - The Inuit people had a variety of different weapons. -Some used to hunt, some used as a self defense weapon. -Weapons such as: -War Harpoon -War Club -Spear Thrower -Cable-Backed Bow -Bolas -Toggling Harpoon -Kakivak -Ulu -Snow knife -Inuit Axe -Inuit Bow and Arrow -Sticks with sharpened ends -These tools were primarily for hunting Ulu

This is a picture of the Inuit people hunting a walrus.

Transportation -The Inuit had different methods of traveling depending on what the season was. -In the winter they traveled across the frozen arctic either by foot or dog sled. -During the summer they took advantage of the open water and traveled by boat -Things they traveled in -Wooden Kayak -Dog Sled -Umaik (is a big boat) Umaik

GOVERNMENT and FAMILY STRUCTURE -The Inuit lived in small family groups with no appointed leader or chief. Even though most other native groups include a leader. The Inuit were very giving and were not selfish. -They would share all goods and food with the “community” -Families would hunt in large groups in the winter, but in the summer they would split up and hunt. -Sometimes alliances would be formed between different families forming a larger groups.

GAMES Kneel jump: The player must jump up from a kneeling position and try to launch themselves as far forward as they can. The winner is the one who jumped the farthest distance. Leg wrestle: Two people lie down on their backs on the ground,(side by side, yet in opposite directions)then the player hook arms and at the count of three they use their legs to hook each other at the knee. The objective is to use the strength of your leg to try and lift the other person off his/her back. But be careful the leg that in not being used must stay flat on the ground fully extended. Two foot high kick: The players will jump up as high as they can and attempt to kick a hanging target with both their feet. But here's the catch. You must land on two feet, together, cleanly. The winner is the person who can kick the highest. Knuckle hop: This “game” will be a test of pain and endurance. Several players will race to a finish line in push up position. But instead of being on your palms, you will be hopping or waddling on your knuckles. (now imagine this on rigid concrete or a rough surface)

THE KNUCKLE HOP THE KNEE JUMP #NoPainNoGain