Unit 5: The Resource Market 1

Review 1.Give an example of Derived Demand. 2.Define MRP. 3.Explain the difference between MRP and MR. 4.Why does the MRP fall as more workers are hired? 5.Identify the two ways to calculate MRP. 6.Define MRC. 7.Explain the difference between MRC and MC. 8.How does a firm decide how many workers to hire? 9.Name 10 Colleges 2

Why do people with only high school degrees make less money on average? Employers assume they have low productivity and will generate less additional revenue. 3

Does having an education mean that you will automatically have a higher income? 4

Real Life Application Top 5 Fastest Growing Jobs ( ) 1.Computer Software Engineers, Applications 2.Computer Support Specialists 3.Computer Software Engineers, Systems 4.Computer Systems Administrators 5.Data Communications Analyst Top 5 Fastest Declining Jobs 1.Railroad Switch Operators 2.Shoe Machine Operators 3.Telephone Operators 4.Radio Mechanics 5.Loan Interviewers WHY? “You’ve got to learn computers!” 5

Real Life Application 6 Top 10 college majors with the highest starting salaries: 1. Petroleum Engineering: $98,00 2. Chemical Engineering: $67, Nuclear Engineering: $66, Electrical Engineering: $63, Computer Engineering: $62, Aerospace Engineering: $62, Materials Science & Engineering and Mechanical Engineering (tie): $60, Industrial Engineering: $59, Software Engineering: $59,100 Source: Payscale.com, 2014

7 Top 10 college majors with the lowest mid-career salaries: 1. Child and Family Studies: $37, Social Work: $45, Elementary Education: $46, Human Development:$47, Special Education: $48, Culinary Arts: $49, Athletic Training: $49, Sports Medicine: $50, Theology: $50, Biblical Studies and Interdisciplinary Studies (tie): $51,000 Source: Payscale.com 2014

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The Big Lesson!?!? 9 You MUST be your own, BEST advocate in college and in life. You MUST speak up for yourself. You MUST take responsibility for your OWN FUTURE and SEEK OUT career counseling, internships, financial aid, network contacts, etc., etc., etc. You MUST persevere, persevere, persevere (and then, persevere!).

The Marginal Revenue Product of a resource equals the Demand. 10

Drawing the Demand Curve for Resources 11

Units of Labor Total Product (Output) Yesterday's Activity Wage = $20Price = $10 Marginal Product (MP) Product Price 0 10 MRP Shows how many workers a firm is willing and able to hire at different wages. 12

Units of Labor Total Product (Output) Using the following data: Wage = $20 Price = $10 Marginal Product (MP) Product Price 0 10 MRP Demand for this resource Let’s Plot the MRP/Demand curve 13

Wage Rate Q $ D=MRP Quantity of Workers Demand=MRP Why is it downward sloping? Because of the law of diminishing marginal returns 14 Each additional resource is less productive and therefore is worth less than the previous one

Wage Rate Q $ D=MRP Quantity of Workers Demand=MRP This model applies to land, labor, and capital Notice the inverse relationship between wage and quantity of resources demand

Wage Rate Q $ D=MRP Quantity of Workers What happens if demand for the product increases? MRP increases causing demand to shift right 16 D 1 =MRP 1

3 Shifters of Resource Demand 1.) Changes in the Demand for the Product Price increase of the product increases MRP and demand for the resource (labor). 2.) Changes in Productivity Technological Advances increase Marginal Product and therefore MRP/Demand. 3.) Changes in Price of Other Resources Substitute Resources Ex: What happens to the demand for assembly line workers if price of robots falls? Complementary Resources Ex: What happens to the demand for nails if the price of lumber increases significantly? 17

Drawing the Demand Curve for Resources 18

Units of Labor Total Product (Output) Use the following data: Wage = $20Price = $10 Marginal Product (MP) Product Price 0 10 Additional Revenue per worker Additional Cost per worker 0 20 How would this change if the demand for the good increased significantly? 1.Price of the good would increase. 2.Value of each worker would increase. 19

Units of Labor Total Product (Output) Use the following data: Wage = $20Price = $100 Marginal Product (MP) Product Price Additional Revenue per worker 20

Units of Labor Total Product (Output) Use the following data: Wage = $20Price = $100 Marginal Product (MP) Product Price Additional Revenue per worker Each worker is worth more!! THIS IS DERIVED DEMAND. 21

Units of Labor Total Product (Output) Use the following data: Wage = $20Price = $10 Marginal Product (MP) Product Price 0 10 Additional Revenue per worker Additional Cost per worker 0 20 How would this change if the productivity of each worker increased? 1.Marginal Product would increase. 2.Value of each worker would increase. 22

Units of Labor Total Product (Output) Use the following data: Wage = $20Price = $10 Marginal Product (MP) Product Price 0 10 Additional Revenue per worker Each worker is worth more! More demand for the resource. 23

Identify the Resource and Shifter (ceteris paribus): 1.Increase in demand for microprocessors leads to a(n) ________ in the demand for processor assemblers. 2.Increase in the price for plastic piping causes the demand for copper piping to _________. 3.Increase in demand for small homes (compared to big homes) leads to a(n) _________ the demand for lumber. 4.For shipping companies, __________ in price of trains leads to decrease in demand for trucks. 5.Decrease in price of sugar leads to a(n) __________ in the demand for aluminum for soda producers. 6.Substantial increase in education and training leads to an ___________ in demand for skilled labor Shifters of Resource Demand

Identify the Resource and Shifter (ceteris paribus): 1.Increase in demand for microprocessors leads to a(n) ________ in the demand for processor assemblers. 2.Increase in the price for plastic piping causes the demand for copper piping to _________. 3.Increase in demand for small homes (compared to big homes) leads to a(n) _________ the demand for lumber. 4.For shipping companies, __________ in price of trains leads to decrease in demand for trucks. 5.Decrease in price of sugar leads to a(n) __________ in the demand for aluminum for soda producers. 6.Substantial increase in education and training leads to an ___________ in demand for skilled labor. increase decrease increase 25 3 Shifters of Resource Demand

Resource Supply Shifters Supply Shifters for Labor 1.Number of qualified workers Education, training, & abilities required 2.Government regulation/licensing Ex: What if waiters had to obtain a license to serve food? 3. Personal values regarding leisure time and societal roles. Ex: Why did the US Labor supply increase during WWII? Why do some occupations get paid more than others?

With your partner, or solo... Use supply and demand analysis to explain why surgeons earn an average salary of $137,050 and gardeners earn $13,560. Quantity of Workers Wage Rate S L DLDL Supply and Demand For Surgeons Supply and Demand For Gardeners Quantity of Workers Wage Rate S L DLDL

What are other reasons for differences in wage? Labor Market Imperfections- Insufficient/misleading job information- This prevents workers from seeking better employment. Geographical Immobility- Many people are reluctant or too poor to move so they accept a lower wage Unions Collective bargaining and threats to strike often lead to higher that equilibrium wages Wage Discrimination- Some people get paid differently for doing the same job based on race or gender (Very illegal!).

“Glass Ceilings”