بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم.

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Presentation transcript:

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم

بِسْمِ اللّهِ الرَّحْمَنِ الرَّحِيمِ يُؤتِي الْحِكْمَةَ مَن يَشَاء وَمَن يُؤْتَ الْحِكْمَةَ فَقَدْ أُوتِيَ خَيْرًا كَثِيرًا وَمَا يَذَّكَّرُ إِلاَّ أُوْلُواْ الأَلْبَابِ صدق الله العلي العظيم

س: اذا سقطت منك ابرة في كومة قش كيف تجدها؟

س: هل هذه الطريقة ناجحة لإيجاد الإبرة؟

هل تعتقد في مخيلتك ان تكون الابرة عملاقة كي نجدها؟

ما هو شعورك اذا وصلت للهدف؟

س:ايهما افضل هل: 1. ان تبحث عن ابرة واحدة في كومة قش؟ 2 س:ايهما افضل هل: 1.ان تبحث عن ابرة واحدة في كومة قش؟ 2. او ان تبحث عن ملايين الابر؟ الحل : ........ .

Real-Time PCR الوقت الحقيقي لتقنية تفاعل البلمرة المتسلسل صباح نعمة الفتلاوي بورد امراض\مناعة سريرية مركزامراض و زراعة الكلية مدينة الصدر الطبية e.mail: dr_sabah_nima@yahoo.com

RT PCR التمهيد (المقدمة) Introduction تعريف تقنية الPCR Definition مفهوم الPCR Concept of PCR المبادئ Principle التطبيقات Applications حل المشاكل العملية Trouble shouting

اهداف المحاضرة الهدف العام الهدف الوسيط الاهداف السلوكية انشاء مجتمع متعلم و واعي يواكب التطور الهدف الوسيط ان يعرف الطالب ما هو ال PCRو مبدأ عمله و تطبيقاته الاهداف السلوكية ان يعرف الطالب ال PCR ان يعرف الطالب ال PCR بأسلوبه ان يوضح مبدأ عمل ال PCR ان يطبق عمليا استخداماته ان يحلل النتائج المختبرية ان يفرق بين تقنية ال PCR التقليدي عن ال RT PCR ان يحل المشاكل الناتجة من اجراء الفحص و تقييم النتائج و تفسيرها

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

History PCR was first conceived in April, 1983 by Kary Mullis. Mullis and Faloona, 1987. Specific synthesis of DNA in vitro via a polymerase-catalyzed chain reaction. In 1989 PCR was selected as the major scientific development and Taq DNA polymerase as molecule of the year by the science magazine In 1993 Kary Mullis was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry for this achievements. Kary B. Mullis

Real-Time PCR Quantitative PCR technique allows the simultaneous amplification and detection of the target. Is called “real-time PCR” because it allows the scientist to actually view the increase in the amount of DNA as it is amplified.

PCR Cycle - Step 1 - Denaturation by Heat Target Sequence Target Sequence

PCR Cycle - Step 2 - Biotinylated Primer Pair Anneals to Ends of Target Sequence 3’ 5’ 5’ 3’ Biotin Primer 1 Primer 2 Biotin 3’ 5’ 5’ 3’ Target Sequence

PCR Cycle - Step 3 - Taq DNA Polymerase Catalyses Primer Extension as Complementary Nucleotides are Incorporated Target Sequence 3’ 5’ 5’ 3’ Biotin Primer 1 Taq DNA Polymerase Primer 2 Biotin 3’ 5’ 5’ 3’ Target Sequence

End of the 1st PCR Cycle - Results in Two Copies of Target Sequence Biotin Biotin Target Sequence

Thermus aquaticus:

Target Amplification 7 cycle = 128 Amplicon 6 cycle = 64 Amplicon Number Amplicon copies of target Number of cycle 2 1 4 8 3 16 32 5 64 6 1,048,576 20 1,073,741,824 30 1 cycle = 2 Amplicon 2 cycle = 4 Amplicon 3 cycle = 8 Amplicon 4 cycle = 16 Amplicon 5 cycle = 32 Amplicon 6 cycle = 64 Amplicon 7 cycle = 128 Amplicon

Real-Time PCR

Real-Time PCR Real-time PCR monitors the fluorescence emitted during the reaction as an indicator of amplicon production at each PCR cycle (in real time) as opposed to the endpoint detection

2a. excitation filters 2b. emission filters 1. halogen tungsten lamp 4. sample plate 3. intensifier 5. ccd detector 350,000 pixels

Real-Time PCR Applications - I * quantitation of gene expression * quality control and assay validation * biosafety and genetic stability testing * drug therapy efficacy / drug monitoring * viral quantitation * pathogen detection

Results Analysis: Real-Time PCR

Refrences 1. Bell, J. 1989. The polymerase chain reaction.Immunol. Today 10:351 2. http://www.public.iastate.edu/~pedro/research_tools.html A very useful site for molecular biology, containing links to many informative sites. Updated regularly.

و ما اوتيتم من العلم الا قليلا بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم و ما اوتيتم من العلم الا قليلا صدق الله العلي العظيم Thank you