California Diesel Smog Check 1 Greg Coburn BAR Engineering May 23, 2012 I/M Solutions Training Forum Sacramento, CA

Agenda  Overview  Test Procedures  Data Analysis  Future Enhancements  Contact Information 2

Assembly Bill 1488 (Statutes of 2007) requires:  Smog Check inspection on diesel-powered vehicles  Model years 1998 and newer  14,000 lbs. GVWR and under  January 2010 Implementation  Change of Ownership inspections began January 2010  Biennial inspections required April 2010  Vehicles with even VINs in 2010; odd VINs in 2011  ARB/BAR developed inspection procedures Overview Legal Requirements 3

 Reasons for receiving a diesel Smog Check Inspection:  Biennial  No six-year exemption like gasoline-powered vehicles  Starts on the third year after the vehicle was purchased new  Change of Ownership  No four-year exemption like gasoline-powered vehicles  Starts after the initial purchase of the vehicle  Out of State  Vehicles entering California from out of State  Vehicles not California certified with 7,500 miles or less can not be registered Vehicle Type Inspection Reason Total BiennialChange of OwnershipOut of State Passenger 14,2327,467 4,57926,278 Truck 234,143104,878 28,339367,360 Motorhome 1, ,893 Total249,398112,82833,305395,531 Overview Vehicle Test Reasons Diesel Smog Check Test Counts (May 2010 – April 2012) 4

Overview Equipment Update  No new inspection equipment was required  BAR contracted with the BAR-97 analyzer manufacturers to update and install the needed software  The BAR-97 analyzers are able to communicate with diesel vehicle OBDII systems except those with:  Controller Area Network (CAN) protocol  Federal Certified OBD I trucks 5

Overview Technician Training  On-line inspection procedure training was provided, and is still available  _Legislative/RegulatoryActions/DieselWorkInf.html  Smog Check Inspection Procedures Manual and Guide were updated  _SmogCheck/Industry/Smog_Check_Guide.html 6

Test Procedures Overview  The diesel Smog Check inspection procedure consist of:  OBD Test  Visual Test  Smoke Test 7

Test Procedures OBD Test  The OBD Test consists of: I. Visual check of the dashboard “Check Engine Light”  Bulb check – Is the bulb working?  “Check Engine Light” On/Off – Is the bulb illuminated? II. Plug-in test of the vehicle’s engine computer  Malfunction Indicator Light (MIL) – Commanded on?  Diagnostic Trouble Codes (DTCs) – Present?  OBD readiness status – Monitors complete?  Up to 2 incomplete monitors allowed for model years  Up to 1 incomplete monitor allowed for model years (Changed from 2 to 1 on July 6, 2010) 8

Test Procedures Smoke Test  Smoke Test consists of:  The Idle Test  Any tailpipe smoke at idle fails  The Idle Crankcase Test  Any under hood smoke at idle fails  Only applicable to closed crankcase systems  The BAR Snap Test (Different from SAE J1667)  Three quick snaps from idle to between 2,000 and 3,000 RPM  Smoke that lingers for more than 3 seconds fails 9

Test Procedures Visual Test (missing, modified, defective, disconnected )  Diesel Oxidation Catalyst (DOC)  Diesel Particulate Filter (DPF)  Selective Catalytic Reduction(SCR)  Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR)  Aftermarket add-on and modified parts (requires ARB EO)  Fuel Injection System  Crankcase System  Pressure sensors and temperature sensors  Wiring of Sensors/Switches/Computer  Vacuum Line Connections to Sensors/Switches  Turbocharger  Cylinder Heads  Intake Manifolds  Exhaust Manifolds 10

Test Procedures Diesel Aftermarket Parts Notes: 1 For more details and a comprehensive list of equipment and criteria that cause a Smog Check failure, please reference Appendix G of the Smog Check Reference Guide. 2 CARB may require an EO for these parts to be legal for sale or use but inspection and verification of the EO is not required during a Smog Check inspection. 3 Replacement parts, as defined in the start of Appendix G, do not require an EO. However, add-on or modified parts, as defined in Appendix G, do require an EO and they must be verified during a Smog Check inspection. 11

Data Analysis Inspected Diesel Characteristics (Percent of Inspected) (May 2010 – April 2012) GVWR # % NONE (Passenger) 26, % 8,500 and less12, % 8, ,000279, % 10, ,00074, % 14, ,000 3, % 26, % TOTAL 395, % MODEL YEAR #% ,5921.9% ,2086.1% ,6705.7% ,8947.8% ,5618.5% , % , % , % , % ,4037.7% ,9268.1% ,1372.6% ,3231.9% ,2840.8% % OTHER 230.0% TOTAL 395, % MAKE#% FORD 185, % DODGE 85, % CHEVROLET 65, % GMC 26,0916.6% VOLKSWAGEN 19,9495.0% MERCEDES-BENZ 4,7611.2% ISUZU 1,7460.6% BMW 1,5500.4% AUDI % FREIGHTLINER % JEEP % HUMMER % OTHER 2,2850.2% TOTAL 395, % First Biennial Required 12

Data Analysis Diesel Failure Rates by Month and Failure Type (May 2010 – April 2012) Failure Rate Month 2001 Model-Year and newer was changed from 2 readiness monitors allowed to 1 allowed. 13

Data Analysis Diesel Failure Distribution (May 2010 – April 2012) Note: OBD No Communication indicates that Smog Check equipment is not able to communicate with the vehicle being inspected. Some of these vehicles are CAN protocol vehicles that the BAR-97 is unable to communicate with. 14

Data Analysis Diesel Readiness Fail Rates by Month (May 2010 – April 2012) 2001 Model-Year and newer was changed from 2 readiness monitors allowed to 1 allowed. 15

Data Analysis Diesel Failure Rate by Odometer and Failure Type (May 2010 – April 2012) 16

Data Analysis Diesel Failure Rate by Model-Year and Vehicle Type (May 2010 – April 2012) 17

Data Analysis Diesel Failure Rate by GVWR and Failure Type (May 2010 – April 2012) Requires Smog Check 18

Data Analysis Diesel Failure Rate by Vehicle Make and Failure Type (May 2010 – April 2012) Isuzu is not OBD compliant 19

Future Enhancements (2013)  Expand OBD II diesel testing to include CAN protocol  Reduce the number of diesel readiness monitors to zero except 2007 model year and newer set to not evaluate particulate filter monitor.  Collect more OBDII data such as mode 6 and mode 9  Test Diesels on new OBD equipment  Provide exemptions from biennial Smog Check for clean diesels 20

Contact Information  Greg Coburn – BAR Air Quality Engineer  Larry Sherwood – Chief of BAR Engineering 21