Ялта Конференция 2005 -Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI Univ. of Tokyo Ryo FUNAKOSHI ATHENA collaboration ATHENA: a High Performance detector for.

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Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI Univ. of Tokyo Ryo FUNAKOSHI ATHENA collaboration ATHENA: a High Performance detector for Low Energy physics

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 2 Out Line Introduction  Introduction - antiproton facility at CERN ATHENA experiment  ATHENA experiment (focused on detector) - setup (trap + detector), electronics, feature Detection of antihydrogen  Detection of antihydrogen - detection scheme  Future experiment - antihydrogen trap (just idea)

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 3 Slow Antiproton Facility at CERN

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 4 Introduction: Introduction: Antiproton Decelerator (AD)  Low energy antiproton source (only one)  Stochastic & electron cooling 100 MeV/c  Antiproton: 3.5 GeV/c -> 100 MeV/c  Pulse beam, every 85 s （ ~2 x 10 7 antiprotons ）

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 5 Introduction: Introduction: Antiproton facility at CERN LEAR Proposed by Munger et al.: pbar + Z → hbar events antihydrogen (however life time ~40 ns) ASACUSA ATRAP ATHENA AD Three experiments in AD hall: Athena --- Antihydrogen Asacusa --- Pbar He, etc. Atrap --- Antihydrogen

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 6 ATHENA experiment

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 7 Introduction: Introduction: ATHENA collaboration Univ. of Aarhus, Denmark Univ. of Brescia, Italy Univ. of Genova, Italy CERN, Geneva, Suisse Univ. of Pavia, Italy Univ. of Rio, Brazil Univ. of Swansee, Wales (UK) Univ. of Tokyo, Japan Univ. of Zurich, Suisse INFN, Italy LANL, USA

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 8 ATHENA experiment: ATHENA experiment: Basic shame

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 9 ATHENA experiment: ATHENA experiment: Motivations

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 10 ATHENA Instruments FeaturesFeatures strong e + source high performance detector plasma manipulation strong e + source high performance detector plasma manipulation ATHENA apparatus

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 11 ATHENA experiment: ATHENA experiment: Overview of apparatus Antiproton catching trap Positron accumulator Mixing trap Antihydrogen detector

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 12 ATHENA experiment: ATHENA experiment: Main detector ・ compact, operation under strong B field ・ large solid angle > 80% ・ high granularity ； Si : 2 layers, ~8000ch. -> charged particles CsI : 192ch. -> 511keV photons

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 13 ATHENA experiment: ATHENA experiment: Silicon module Thickness:  m  Double sided sensors  Read out VA2_TA chip (manufacture)

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 14 ATHENA experiment: ATHENA experiment: CsI crystals Resolution FWHM ~ 18% Efficiency ~ 20 % VA2_TA chip

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 15 ATHENA experiment: ATHENA experiment: Installation <Trap> P< mbar, T~15K Cold nose <Detector> P~10 -9 mbar, T~130K

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 16 ATHENA experiment: ATHENA experiment: Antiproton catching ～ antiprotons per AD shot Segmented Si (67 µ) beam counter Antiproton Capture Trap

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 17 ATHENA experiment : ATHENA experiment : Imaging by Silicon detector 3D image of antiproton annihilations XY-projection YZ-projection Event display non-destructive monitoring system

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 18 ATHENA experiment : ATHENA experiment : Imaging by Silicon detector M. C. Fujiwara et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, (2004) non-destructive 3D image of antiproton annihilations

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 19 Detection of Cold Antihydrogen with High-performance detector

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 20 Si-strip CsI crystals 2.5 cm 3T Cold antihydrogen: Cold antihydrogen: Production scheme 10 8 e pbars   annihilation Antihydrogen production mixing 10 4 antiprotons e + annihilation of produced antihydrogen -> escape from B confinement -> charged particles from p annihilations -> two 511keV photons from e+ annihilations  （ back-to-back ） ① Vertex reconstruction by trace of charged particle paths (Si-strip) ② Extrapolation of two 511keVphotons to the vertex  CsI crystals) Antihydrogen event Opening angle between two photons; cos   = -1

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 21 Cold antihydrogen: Cold antihydrogen: Detection efficiency Detection scheme Antihydrogen annihilation Vertex reconstruction Opening angle selection （ 2 x 511keV photons ） Antihydrogen events ~50% ~10% ~5% Total efficiency ~ 0.25% 50,000 antihydrogen

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 22 Cold antihydrogen: Cold antihydrogen: Cold antihydrogen I `Cold mixing’`Hot mixing’ Antiproton annihilation distribution

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 23 Cold antihydrogen: Cold antihydrogen: Cold antihydrogen II 1. `Hot mixing’  suppress antihydrogen production 2.Antiprotons only 3.Displaced 511keV energy window 131± 22 Golden Events

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 24 For the future : For the future : Estimated temperature Isolated hbar spatial distribution (“Cold mix.” – “Hot mix.”) No T e+ dependence Model Best fit with T axial = 10 x T radial Hbar formation before thermal equilibrium Including the plasma rotating (80kHz) Two-temperature Gaussian distribution Temperature of antihydrogen > 150K (ATHENA experiment) N. Madsen et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 94, (2005)

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 25 For the future next experiment

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 26 For the future: For the future: Motivation (e/m) 2005 (matter) (antimatter ) same mass & life time, same & opposite charge High precision tests for CPT Impossible to do with ATHENA type equipment Impossible to do with ATHENA type equipment; Once antihydrogen has been trapped, any type of precision measurement can be contemplated

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 27 For the future : For the future : Antihydrogen trap I Well depth ~ 0.7 K/T Aside: high n-states could have higher  Idea -neutral atom trap -

Ялта Конференция Yalta-, Univ. of Tokyo, Ryo FUNAKOSHI 28 For the future : For the future : Antihydrogen trap II + ATHENA type (trap + detector)   mulipole trap +