Regardless of distance, it enables physicians, nurses, and healthcare specialists to: assess diagnosetreat

 Medical intervention  Prevention  Care management  Education  Administrative task  Health advocacy

 Computers  Interactive video  Virtual reality  Tele-robotics  Telephones  Picture phones  Fax  s

Teleconferencing -telephones -picture phone Computers - -faxes Biomedical peripherals Interactive video transmission

+  Micro Audiometrics  ECG (12 lead)  Spirometer  Video otoscope  Vital signs monitor  Digital camera

 AFHCAN tConsult™  Global Media CapSure™  HCC RX-1  CSX Telemed  American Telecare NX Server  Second Opinion

+  Physicians & Physician Assistants  Nurse Practitioners & Nurses  Administrative assistants  Billing Department

 Store-and-forward telehealth  Real-time telehealth  Remote patient monitoring

 Tele-audiology  Telecardiology  Teledentistry  Telemental Health  Telehomecare  Teleneurology  Telenursing  Teleradiology  Telerehabilitation

 improved access to medical specialists  quicker, more accurate diagnosis and treatment  improved patient outcomes  reduced travel and cost  fewer hospital admissions  increased confidence in health management  increased opportunities for education  improved patient follow-up  collaborative research  decreased overall costs Patient AdvantagesProvider Advantages

 Breakdown in the patient/healthcare professional relationship  Poor infrastructure and inadequate regulation of telecommunications  Maintaining quality of care  Policies/protocols regulating the use of telehealth  Potential medical malpractice liability due to uncertainties concerning the legal status of telemedicine within and between states  Confidentiality due to increased access to patient records

1. Assessment and monitoring of the health of communities and populations at risk to identify health problems and priorities 2. The formulation of public policies designed to solve identified local and national health problems and priorities 3. To assure that all populations have access to all appropriate and cost-effective care including Health promotion Disease prevention services Evaluation of effectiveness of the care MedTerms,2007

 Collecting and processing of population health data  Information Technology now allows for the integration and analysis of diverse data sources  Knowledge about disease trends and other threats that can improve Program planning Decision making Care delivery

 Addresses the  Collection  Storage  Analysis  Interpretation  Communication of health data and information  Public Health Informatics for practical research and learning  Differs from other informatics  For public health professionals to fulfill the core functions of public health

1. Study and description of complex systems. 2. Identification of opportunities to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of public health systems. 3. Implementation and maintenance of processes and systems.

Four basic steps: 1. Hazard identification 2. Exposure assessment 3. Dose-response assessment 4. Risk characterization

 Providing Information crucial to planning  Building consensus of how to mobilize community resources  Allowing for comparison of risk with those of other communities.