Which vaccinations have you had?! Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccine Tetanus vaccine Influenza vaccine HPV vaccine Hepatitis A vaccine Hepatitis B vaccine Rabies vaccine Yellow fever vaccine We say the vaccination has made you immune to the disease

Learning Objectives State what a vaccine is Describe a graph at GCSE standard Explain what a vaccine is and how it works to give us immunity

What’s in a vaccine? Dead pathogen Weakened pathogen For example: the flu vaccine usually contains 3 strains of dead influenza virus

Can you figure out how vaccines work?

How vaccinations work Dead or weakened p……………………. is injected (vaccine) White blood cells make a……………………….. If you are infected later in life your w………………………… recognise the same pathogen White blood cells make antibodies f…………………….. Pathogen is destroyed rapidly as you are i……………………………

How vaccinations work Dead or weakened pathogen is injected (vaccine) White blood cells make antibodies If you are infected later in life your white blood cells recognise the same pathogen White blood cells make antibodies faster Pathogen is destroyed rapidly as you are immune

How vaccinations (immunisations) work Vaccines contain…. dead or weakened pathogens Vaccines prevent infections because… - White blood cells produce ……………….…. against the dead pathogen Upon re-infection the antibodies are made much ………………..; These antibodies ……………… the pathogen before it can cause harm; Vaccines give your body protection against disease; this is called immunity The MMR vaccine protects you against… Measles, Mumps and Rubella antibodies faster kill

Describing graphs at GCSE standard Describe how the incidence of mumps changes from 1985 to 1995 (3 marks) Tip Describe means: ‘say what you see’. Include numbers. Increase Go up Shoots up Rises Go down Fall Drops Decrease

Describe how the incidence of mumps changes from 1985 to 1995 (3 marks) The incidence of mumps increases rapidly from 1985 to 1987. It peaks at 14 cases per 100,000 people. The incidence decreases rapidly from 1987 to 1989 and then decreases slowly until 1995.

Noughts and Crosses What does a vaccine contain? What word describes when you are ‘protected’ from a disease? Explain how vaccines make us immune to a disease. What does the MMR vaccine protect you against? Name the three ways that white blood cells defend against pathogens. How do bacteria cause harm to your body? When describing a graph what must you do? Define metabolic rate Define a pathogen