HIDRATOS DE CARBONO CARBOHIDRATOS AZÚCARES GLÚCIDOS Química Biológica 2012 Escuela Técnica ORT.

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HIDRATOS DE CARBONO CARBOHIDRATOS AZÚCARES GLÚCIDOS Química Biológica 2012 Escuela Técnica ORT

Estructura General AldosasCetosas

Funciones generales Energía de uso inmediato Energía de reserva Estructural

Clasificación Monosacáridos Disacáridos Polisacáridos

Monosacáridos Aldosas

Cetosas Monosacáridos

Isómeros Ópticos Conformacionales Espaciales Estructurales Cadena Posición Función Enantiómeros Diasteroisómeros Isómeros

Isómeros ópticos Enantiómeros

Diasteroisómeros Isómeros ópticos

En solución

Unión Glucosídica MALTOSA

Disacáridos LACTOSA MALTOSA SACAROSA

Funciones Energía de uso inmediato Glucosa Respiración celular, fermentación Actividad Física Cerebro Glóbulos Rojos

Polisacáridos Homopolisacáridos Heteropolisacáridos

Glucógeno Almidón Polisacáridos  (1  4)  (1  6) Amilosa  (1  4) Amilopectina  (1  4)  (1  6)

Celulosa Polisacáridos  (1  4)

Quitina Polisacáridos

Ácido Hialurónico Polisacáridos

Polisacáridos Funciones Almacenamiento de Energía Estructural

Almidón Dextrinas, maltosa, maltotriosa Glucosa Boca Amilasa Maltasa Digestión

Hidratos de carbono de la dieta Polisacáridos Disacáridos Monosacáridos Saliva Amilasa Dextrinas Maltotriosa Maltosa Intestino delgado Dextrinasa Maltasa Lactasa Sacarasa Glucosa Galactosa Fructosa Glucosa Lactosa Sacarosa Enterocito Digestión

Metabolismo ATP Z Z Ac CoA Adipocito

Reacción Fehling NaOH Oxidación

Oxidación En solución, las cetosas se encuentran en equilibrio con un intermediario (enodiol) que a su vez está en equilibrio con una aldosa, que es la que se oxida. Las cetonas NO se oxidan.

Reacción Lugol I2I2 I2I2 I2I2 I2I2 I2I2 Almidón