CHAPTER 07 SUMMARY LAYOUT AND FLOW

LAYOUT Layout means the master plan. Definition of layout: Layout is the location of transforming resources. Why layout is important? 1.Affects cost 2.Influence effectiveness 3.Controls the appearnce

What are the basic layout types used in operations? There are 4 types in total as follows: 1.fixed-position layout 2.Functional position layout 3.Cell layout 4. product layout

Detail the meaning of layout in an operation process. Layout of an operation or process means positioning the transforming resources accordingly, and allocating the tasks to the each. Objectives of good or effective layout: 1.Safety 2.Length of flow 3. clarity of flow 4.Staff conditions 5.Management coordination 6.Accessibility 7.Use of space 8.Long –term flexibility

Every layout is related to a process If the cost is the important objective to an operation, the process type will be closer to high volume –low variety. Fixed-position layout Transformed resources do not move(information, customer, materials), but the transforming resources move(people, equipment, plant, machinery). Examples: Construction site Surgery in hospital

Functional layout Functional layout is another type where the layout is done according to the needs and convenience of the transforming resources. In functional layout similar or same type of process and resources are located together. Examples: Hospital – X –ray unit machines and laboratories Supermarket

Cell layout In this type transformed resources in the operation move to one part of the group or cell, where all the transforming resources for process are located. Examples : Computer component manufacturing Maternity unit in the hospital

Explain the term ‘shop-within-a-shop An operations layout where facilities that have a common purpose together are arranged. Production layout Locating transforming resources completely for the convenience of transformed resources. Examples: Automobile assembling Buffet

What type of layout should an operation choose? Page 215 What is detailed design layout? Operationalizing or putting the layout into practice is known as detailed design layout. Detailed design layout for fixed –position layout Maximize the contribution of transforming resources or fuller utilization and effective service is the objective of this layout. Techniques : Resource location analysis (Minimize the cost and inconvenience of flow)

Detailed design layout for functional layout All same or similar transforming resources are put together. Detailed design task is to minimize the distance that the transformed travel in an operation. Techniques: manual or computer based techniques can be used. Cell layout detailed design Resources needed for a particular product are put together. Detailed design task is to group the products or customer types. Production flow analysis can be used.

Detailed design of production layout Transforming resources are located in an order for the convenience of products and product types. Number of decisions, cycle time, number of stages in operation, type of tasks are important to consider in this layout. Techniques: Long thin Short fat

Long thin VS short fat A process having many stages, where every stage performing small part of the total task. A process where few stages, where every stage performing large part of total task. Direct resources VS Indirect resources Direct resources are those which transform material, information and customer directly. Indirect resources are those which support the direct resources.

Define cluster analysis and PFA Page 207 Heuristic procedures and craft Page 204