Gram positive spore forming bacilli 2010274030 박준혁 - Quiz 2010274056 최영아 - ppt 제작 2010274058 이현정 - 발표 2011274050 이신애 - 자료 조사

Contents Basic Bacillus Clostridium Quiz Gram positive Spore forming Rod shaped bacteria Bacillus * Genus Bacillus B. anthracis B. Cereus B. Subtilis Clostridium * Genus Clostridium C. perfringens C. tetani C. difficle C. botulinum Quiz

발표의도 Spore forming review Gram positive spore forming bacilli 분류 특징 Genus Bacillus 에 속하는 균의 종류 및 특징 Genus Clostridium 에 속하는 균의 종류 및 특징 탄저병, 파상풍,가스괴저 와 같은 질병의 발병 인자에 대해 알아보자

Gram positive

Gram positive

간균 막대기 모양 또는 원통형 세균

Gram flow chart

Endospore

Spore forming process 생존을 위해 내생포자의 휴지기 세포 만듬 높은 열, 물 결핍, 독성화학물질에 강한 내성

Genus Bacillus Aerobic condition Gram positive spore forming bacteria habitat : in soil, water, plants, animals.

Genus Bacillus Low virulence Common in the environment (흙, 물, 공기, 사물기생, 곤충 병원균) Encountered as contaminants Major pathogens - B.cereus - B.anthracis

Bacillus anthracis Morphology : 3~10μm long , 1~1.15μm width (largest of bacterial pathogens) Characteristic : Non-motile, Catalase + Central spores * virulence factor 1. capsule 2. exotoxin

Bacillus anthracis Anthrax의 원인균 Anthrax 증상 Cutaneous(95% of human cases) hemorrhagic vesicle, covered black crust Pulmonary (100% fatal) capillary thrombosis, cardiovascular shock GIT/systemic (rare) vomiting, diarrhea, toxemia, death

Anthrax Control & Treatment 감수성 있는 항생제 : penicillin, doxycycline ciprofloxacin Live spore & toxoid vaccine : 가축 Alternative vaccine : 사람에게 사용 Cutaneous anthrax : I&D (Incision and drainage)

Bacillus cereus Morphology : facultative anaerobe flagella Characteristic : β-hemolytic, Central spore

Bacillus cereus toxin-mediated food poisoning : fried rice, meat or vegetables Two toxins Short incubation period : vomiting (dairy product) Long incubation period : diarrhea (meat) Airborne & dust-borne contaminant in cooked food Stored at room temperature Spores germinate and release enterotoxins

Bacillus subtilis Characteristic : Spore & flagella β-hemolytic (BAP) non-toxic 비병원성균

기타 Bacillus 속 균 B. thringiensis B. popilliae B. sphaericus B. larvae B. lentimorbus * 곤충 병원균, 상업적 살충제로 이용

Bacillus summary spore capsule flagella motility B. anthracis + - B. cereus B. subtilis

Genus Clostridium Obligative anaerobes Endospore forming gram-positive bacilli Catalase negative Reside in a variety of habitats

Genus Clostridium Pathogens grouped according to toxin effect 1. Neurotoxic : C. botulinum, C. tetani C. botulinum - flaccid paralysis C. tetani - spastic paralysis 2. Enterotoxic : C. difficile, C. perfringens C. difficile - antibiotic associated diarrhea C. perfringens - gangrene, food poisoning

Clostridium perfringens found in soil, on human skin, intestine and vagina Capsule Non-motile Hemolysis on BAP- double zone

Clostridium perfringens Gas gangrene (myonecrosis) cellulitis Produces α-toxin (lecithinase ) Produces enzymes (collagenase,DNase, hyaluronidase)

Gas gangrene

Clostridium tetani C. tetani is recovered from the wound in only 30% of cases Motile Terminal spores (drumstick) Strict anaerobe

Action of tetanospasmin Neonatal tetanus

Tetanus 근육의 경직 - 개구장애 후궁반장 - 비웃는듯한 표정

Treatment & control Treatment -TIG ( tetanus immune globulin ) -근육이완제 Prevention -DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus)

Clostridium botulinum Commonly inhabit soil, water, and intestinal tracts of animals Motile (flagella) β-hemolysis Botulism toxin (botulin) -A,B,Cα,Cβ,D,E,F,G type Causes food poisoning

Botulism 1. foodborne botulism - improperly sterilized canned food 2. wound botulism - infected wound / inject heroin 3. infant botulism

Neurotoxin - botulin

Botulism

Clostridium difficile 0.5 X 6~8 µm flagella subterminal spore - Produces A(enterotoxin) and B(cytotoxin) toxins

Clostridium difficile Antibiotic associated diarrhea Pseudomembranous colitis Lab diagnosis-ELISA, CCFA medium (cycloserine,cefoxitin, fructose)

Pseudomembrane colitis

Clostridium summary Summary of Clostridium Spore Capsule Flagella motility C. perfrigens Subterminal + - C. tetani Terminal C. botulinum C. difficle subterrminal

Reference 『의학 미생물학 21판』12장 포자형성 그램양성간균 , 유상렬, 충북대학교 의 과대학 미생물교실 pp.212~221 『병원미생물학 제3판』강재승 외16인 공저, 정문각, pp.125~132

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