Behavior of Gases. Gases exert Pressure Due to collisions of particles Barometer Review units Compression of gas absorbs E.

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Presentation transcript:

Behavior of Gases

Gases exert Pressure Due to collisions of particles Barometer Review units Compression of gas absorbs E

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

Factors Affecting Gas Behavior Amount of gas Volume Temperature Pressure

P and V Demo

P and V: P V P 1 V 1 = P 2 V 2 INVERSE relationship BOYLES’ LAW

V and T Demo

Volume & Temperature: Directly proportional. Charles’ Law

P and T Demo

Pressure and Temperature: Gay-Lussac’s Law Directly proportional.

Combined Gas Law

Sample Problems A helium-filled balloon at room temperature (21 o C) has a pressure of 730.mmHg and a volume of 4.0L. If the temperature is increases to 30 o C, what will the volume be if the pressure changes to 720.mmHg? A gas with a volume of 300. ml at o C is heated until its volume is 600. ml. What is the new temp of the gas if the pressure remains constant?

Ideal Gases Particles take up no space No attractive force b/particles fits all assumptions of the Kinetic-Molecular Theory.

Ideal Gases & Real Gases Real gases deviate from the ideal gas law at high pressures

Modify the Combined Gas Law for an IDEAL GAS Add n to represent # of moles Combine initial P,V,T,n at standard conditions. R gas constant

Ideal Gas Law used to calculate the pressure, volume, number of moles, or temperature of a gas. Pressure in atm. Volume in Liters # of moles ideal gas constant: (L*atm)/(mol*K) Temperature in Kelvin (K = °C+ 273)

Sample Problem What is the pressure in the atmospheres exerted by a mol sample of nitrogen gas in a 10.0 L container at 298 K? Given: V = Unknown = n = T =

Gas Laws Quiz 1.What volume will 2.0 moles of nitrogen occupy at 720mmHg and 293K? 2.How many moles of oxygen will occupy a volume of 2.5L at 1.2atm and 25 o C? 3.A helium-filled balloon has a pressure of 760mmHg and a volume of 4.0L. If the temperature is 21 o C, what will the volume be if the pressure changes to 720mmHg?