Brief Response How had American attitudes about consumerism changed? People had more products to show off with— conspicuous consumption (opulence). Easy credit and the installment plan made it easier to live a more opulent life. People were willing to get into deep debt.

Today’s goal American women pursued new lifestyles in the 1920s. There were new jobs and different social roles for women. Mass media, movies, and spectator sports played important roles in popular culture Many artists and writers criticized the shallow materialism of American popular culture.

The Twenties Woman; Education and Popular Culture p. 440, 446

flapper Emancipated young woman of the 1920s. New fashions – Close-fitting felt hats – Bright, waistless dresses an inch above the knee – Skin-toned silk stockings – Sleek pumps – Long strings of beads – Boyish bobs often dyed black. Contemporary urban attitudes

Double standard Dating rules changed between men and women in the 1920s. Women were held stricter behavior standards than men. At the same time, women were also expected to be more “liberated” sexually. It was easier in big cities, impossible in small towns.

Charles A. Lindbergh Unknown, small town pilot. Became an American hero and world famous, when he flew slow across the Atlantic. (the first to do so). He made sure the media covered him in both spots.

George Gershwin Jewish American musician who combined African American popular music, with Jewish- European based classical music. – Creating American jazz It became what many consider an identifiably American sound.sound

Georgia O’Keeffe Painter Used intense colors and grandeur in her works. Late moved to the southwest.

Sinclair Lewis Writer First American writer to win a Nobel Peace Prize. Critical of where US society was heading. Babbitt: main character criticizes Americans for their conformity (following rules/being the same) and materialism (living to own more and more).

F. Scott Fitzgerald Writer Coined the phrase “jazz age” for the 1920s. Wrote of the recklessness behind people’s irresponsible chase of fun and freedom. – The Great Gatsby and This Side of Paradise.

Edna St. Vincent Millay Poet. Celebrated youth, independence, and freedom from traditional constraints.

expatriate A person who has taken residence in a foreign country. Some US writers left the US to live in other countries; Ernest Hemingway—Paris.

Ernest Hemingway 3/9 Writer. Criticized the glorification of modern war. Developed a tough, simplified writing style copied by many writers after him. The Sun Also Rises; A Farewell to Arms

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p. 441, evaluating Like Flappers used clothing, hairstyles, and behavior to claim a new freedom. Quick EC: Are there such actions that people assert their freedom/difference publicly with today? (1/suggestion) Unlike Today’s women have more freedoms. Quick EC: What freedoms are some states presently trying to remove from women in more fundamentalist states like Texas, Alabama, Oklahoma, etc? (1/suggestion)

p. 442, analyzing effects Big businesses and industry produced time- saving appliances that freed women from some household chores. Business growth also created jobs for millions of women. Most women were confined to traditional jobs.

p. 443, summarizing The birthrate dropped. Household labor was simplified by technology. Children spent their days in school. Adolescent rebelliousness increased.

p. 443, 3, evaluating Yes, women’s progress toward equal rights. Women laid the foundation for equality when they became more open and assertive in….. – communicating with men their age, – dating casually, – dressing non traditionally, – Viewing marriage as an equal partnership. No, not much progress toward equal rights. The new ways of dressing and casual dating were superficial changes.

p. 443, 4, analyzing primary sources Shaw may have believed that voting equality could be achieved by passing a law. Equality in the workplace, however, would be more dependent on people’s attitudes and acceptance, which could only be earned over time.

p. 447, summarizing More students were able to attend school during this prosperous time. Schools had to adapt to teaching students of new immigrant families. Schools offered a broad range of courses for students to train for industrial jobs.

p. 447, interpreting graphs Approximately 2.1 million

p. 448, analyzing effects For the first time, Americans could hear news as it happened.

p. 450, making inferences Movies provided excitement, comedy, and romance through a medium that was, affordable, new, and changing. They offered adventure to people whose lives were taken up mostly with earning a living. Buster Keaton: people loved his stone faced adventures, losing through most of each film, only to triumph. Great stunt man and coordinator, as well.well

p. 451, analyzing causes Many American writers found American culture shallow (not deep thinking) and materialistic (only living to own (cool) things). They believed society lacked any unified ideals

EC Make a chart showing five examples of not very deep values Americans have today. – Five pictures (up to 20 pts.) – Title for each picture (5 pts.) Five examples of materialism in contemporary America. – Five pictures (up to 20 pts.) – Title for each picture (5 pts.) Due in five school days from this posting.

p. 451, 3, synthesizing Radio and news media enabled people nationwide to experience the same entertainment, sports, and information

p. 451, 4, evaluating Yes They were examples of good virtues and exceptional talent. No Their accomplishments were not enduring changes to American life.

p. 451, 5, summarizing Created a literate population Created a national identity as a result of mass media. Flash Gordon – All American Great Gatsby reflected escapism many Americans pursued. State schools teaching same curriculum statewide.

Brief Response How were many American women changing?

Today’s goal (review) American women pursued new lifestyles in the 1920s. There were new jobs and different social roles for women. Mass media, movies, and spectator sports played important roles in popular culture Many artists and writers criticized the shallow materialism of American popular culture.