Matthias Hoek Institut für Kernphysik Next Generation Cherenkov Counters* *For Accelerator Experiments 52. International Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physics | January 2014 | Bormio (Italy)

M. Hoek | 52 nd International Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physics | January 2014 Bormio (Italy) Introduction  RICH detectors are long established as Particle Identification (PID) devices  Many detectors currently running very successfully*  New technologies* allow to  Improve performance  Realise new designs  Exciting projects* in planning or construction phase  Conclusions * Apologies for many interesting topics I will not mention! 2

M. Hoek | 52 nd International Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physics | January 2014 Bormio (Italy) Cherenkov Ring Imaging & PID  Tracking  Alignment  … ~ Radiator length (L) and detection efficiency (  ) Production Chrom. smearing Mult. scattering Track bending Transport Scattering Surfaces (DIRC) Imaging & Detection Optics Pixel size Stand-off distance Mass difference  /K gold standard Track Cherenkov angle resolution D. Roberts arXiv: [hep-ex] 3

M. Hoek | 52 nd International Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physics | January 2014 Bormio (Italy) Multi-Anode PMTs  High gain (~1  10 6 )  Small pixel sizes  High packing fraction Enabling Technologies – Pixelated PMTs 4 Hamamatsu H8500 Need to check  Response uniformity  Pixel boundaries  Crosstalk Need to check  Response uniformity  Pixel boundaries  Crosstalk hor. position (mm) vert. position (mm) M. Mirazita, Priv. communications

M. Hoek | 52 nd International Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physics | January 2014 Bormio (Italy) Enabling Technologies - SiPMs 5ns window  Array of Geiger-mode APDs (cells)   of binary signals → analog signal  Photon counting  High quantum efficiency  High dark count rate  Integrated readout electronics (dSiPM)  Radiation Hardness? Hamamatsu Datasheet Hamamatsu 64-channel array Ketek Y.Uchiyama et al. IEEE NSS 2013 S. Korpar et al., NIM A GeV/c  -beam 1  1mm 2 5ns time window 5 G. Collazuol, RICH 2013

M. Hoek | 52 nd International Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physics | January 2014 Bormio (Italy) CLARO JINST 7 P11026  Fast photon detectors  MicroChannelPlate-PMTs  dSiPMs  FEE developments  Low jitter (~20ps)  Low power consumption  High-precision TDCs  TRB3 (RMS <20ps) Enabling Technologies – Fast Timing 6 NINO+TRB3 M. Cardinali et al., RICH 2013 FDIRC Prototype D. Roberts, RICH 2013 dTOP/L path = (TOP measured - TOP expected )/L path Δθ c [mrads] Improves Cherenkov photon angle resolution ~1mrad A. Lehmann RICH 2013

M. Hoek | 52 nd International Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physics | January 2014 Bormio (Italy) Focusing Aerogel RICH (FARICH) Enabling Technologies – Aerogel Radiators 7 Improved Aerogel properties CLAS12 RICH M. Contalbrigo, RICH 2013 Budker and Boreskov Institutes of Novosibirsk CLAS12 RICH M. Contalbrigo, RICH 2013 E.A. Kravchenko, RICH 2013  Readout with dSiPM  5.3   /  separation A.Yu. Barnyakov et al., NIM A553(2005)

M. Hoek | 52 nd International Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physics | January 2014 Bormio (Italy) pion kaon proton  Provide 3   /K separation between 3-8GeV/c  Minimise photon detector area  Hybrid imaging  high-momentum particle directly imaged  low-momentum particle via mirror Design Ideas – Hybrid Imaging 8 Aerogel Planar mirror Ellipsoidal mirror Charged track Photon detector Beam line E D 4.2 m 3.7 m 1.2 m  Beam CLAS12 RICH 1 sector of RICH M. Contalbrigo RICH 2013 Low p High p

M. Hoek | 52 nd International Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physics | January 2014 Bormio (Italy) Design Ideas – Compact Camera NLAK33 Stand-off volume source for background (~Vol) 3   /K sep. up to 3.5GeV/c Prism-shaped expansion volume High-refractive index lens FDIRC Fused silica block with mirrored faces & sides D. Roberts RICH

M. Hoek | 52 nd International Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physics | January 2014 Bormio (Italy) Simulation (2GeV/c, 90˚) Design Ideas – Time-of-Propagation 10  Measure x-coordinate and t   t ~40ps required  Plate requirements  Roughness 0.5nm  Flatness <10 (6.3  m)  Photon detector  16x2 MCP-PMTs  Chromatic dispersion ~100ps  Focussing mirror to translate dispersion into y-difference K. Inami RICH 2013 Hamamatsu SL10 IRS ASIC Data K. Inami RICH 2013

M. Hoek | 52 nd International Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physics | January 2014 Bormio (Italy) Use Cherenkov photons for precise timing of particle track  Proposed for an LHCb upgrade  3σ  /K separation up to 10GeV/c  Per-track time resolution of 10-15ps  resolution for single photons (<70ps)  Cherenkov angle for dispersion correction Design Ideas - TORCH Photonis Planacon MCP-PMT NINO ASIC M. Van Dijk RICH

M. Hoek | 52 nd International Winter Meeting on Nuclear Physics | January 2014 Bormio (Italy) Conclusions 12  Large effort improving RICH detector performance  Photon sensors Highly pixelated Semi-conductors  Radiator material properties  Very fast timing electronics (<100ps)  Many new detectors to exploit this progress  Hybrid imaging  Compact cameras  Time-of-Propagation  RICH detectors will provide PID to next generation experiments