SS6H7 The student will explain conflict and change in Europe to the 21 st century (SS6H7b) Brainpop

Learning Targets I can explain how the Treaty of Versailles and world- wide depression impact Europe between WWI and WWII. I understand how the idea of Nazism lead to WWII. I know why the Holocaust is a significant event of WWII. I can explain the major causes and effects of World War II.

Coachbook Lesson 27 p. 152 Write the questions and answers on page 157.

Vocabulary Nationalism –Pride in one’s country Constitutional Monarchy –A government that not only has a king or queen but is also governed by elected officials through a constitution. Colony –A territory ruled by another nation Colonization –The act or process of establishing a colony. Communism –An economy where the government owns all basic and non-basic industry. Alliance –A merging of efforts or interests creating allies.

Vocabulary Militarism -A policy in which military preparedness is of primary importance to a state. Armistice –A temporary end to fighting, a truce Depression –The worldwide economic depression from the late 1920s through the 1930s. Dictator –An absolute ruler. Nazism -A form of socialism featuring racism and expansionism. Fascism -A system of government a dictator, stringent socioeconomic controls, suppression of the opposition through terror and censorship, and typically a policy of nationalism and racism.

Vocabulary Capitalism – Most basic and non-basic businesses are privately owned Holocaust -The genocide of European Jews and others by the Nazis during World War II. Concentration Camp -A camp where civilians, enemy aliens, political prisoners, and sometimes prisoners of war are detained and confined, typically under harsh conditions.

So It Begins…

Worldwide Depression Countries short of supplies Still trying to recover from World War I Economic hardship worldwide

The Rise of Dictators Allies had expected Germany to pay for damages during World War I Didn’t have enough money to do this Adolph Hitler, leader of Germany during the 20’s, said Germany had been treated unfairly. Believed only Germans with blond hair and blue eyes were “true Germans” Blamed Jews for many of the problems.

Other Dictators Joseph Stalin ruled the Soviet Union Francisco Franco ruled Spain Benito Mussolini ruled Italy. Hirohito ruled Japan

National Socialists, or Nazis Political party with Hitler in charge Grew in power and started an army Soldiers, called storm troopers Attacked Jewish people and others opposed to Hitler Put prisoners into terrible prisons called concentration camps.

Nazis in Control 1933 took control of German government Hitler ruled as a dictator, an all-powerful ruler. Rebuilt Germany’s economy by preparing for another war. Built tanks, guns and other war supplies Wanted to Rule the World

Hitler soon ordered a programme of rearming Germany Hitler visits a factory and is enthusiastically greeted. Many Germans were grateful for jobs after the misery of the depression years.

March 1936: German troops marched into the Rhineland The Rhineland was a region of Germany that was ‘demilitarized’ after the Treaty of Versailles. Germany was not allowed to have troops in the region. Hitler’s actions showed how he was willing to directly challenge the treaty.

March 1938: Nazi Germany annexed Austria Again, this went against the terms of the Treaty of Versailles which banned Germany from uniting with Austria. However, the arrival of German troops was met with great enthusiasm by many Austrian people.

March 1939: Germany invaded Czechoslovakia Hitler had ordered the occupation of a part of Czechoslovakia known as the Sudetenland (in October 1938). Many hoped that that this would be the last conquest of the Nazis. However, in March 1939, he ordered his troops to take over the remainder of Czechoslovakia. This was the first aggressive step that suggested that a war in Europe would soon begin.

Hitler and Stalin (the Russian leader) signed a ‘non-aggression pact’. They promised that neither country would attack the other in the event of war. As part of the deal, Hitler promised Stalin part of Poland, which he planned to invade soon. August 1939: Germany and Russia signed a non-aggression pact This photo shows the Russian foreign minister signing the pact, whilst Stalin stands smiling in the background

The non-aggression pact was surprising. Hitler and Stalin were seen as natural enemies. The non-aggression pact was surprising. Hitler and Stalin were seen as natural enemies. When Hitler talked of taking over new land for Germany, many thought that he meant Russia. When Hitler talked of taking over new land for Germany, many thought that he meant Russia. Hitler also hated Communism, the form of government in Russia Hitler also hated Communism, the form of government in Russia But their “non aggression pact” allowed them to invade Poland without fear of a Russian counterattack. But their “non aggression pact” allowed them to invade Poland without fear of a Russian counterattack. Hitler Stalin

The War Begins Japan, Italy, and Germany began taking over other countries. Sept. 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland British and French leaders had had enough! Declared war on Germany on Sept. 3, British and French not able to stop Germany from taking over other countries.

May 1940: Germany turned west and invaded France and the Netherlands In May 1940, Germany used Blitzkrieg tactics to attack France and the Netherlands. British troops were forced to retreat from the beaches of Dunkirk in northern France. Captured British troops, May 1940

By June 1940, France had surrendered to the Germans Britain now stood alone as the last remaining enemy of Hitler’s Germany in Western Europe. Adolf Hitler tours Paris after his successful invasion.

The United States Many thought we should stay out President Franklin Roosevelt promised to keep us out of the war. We prepared for attack just in case. 1 st peacetime draft – Men ages had to register – Started making war supplies

Japanese Invasion Spreads Japanese invaded Indochina, now what is Cambodia, Laos,and Vietnam American leaders were afraid Japan would threaten the Philippines and other Pacific islands They were RIGHT!

Pearl Harbor Japan was working on expanding empire throughout the Pacific The U.S. had a trade embargo on Japan to try and deter Japan from invading countries U.S. was able to intercept and break Japan's secret codes Intercepted the code about Pearl Harbor - sent the message on a slower telegram (by accident) to warn U.S. Navy about attack

Pearl Harbor Continued It was a Sunday morning - U.S. military was taken off guard There were 2 full blown attacks on Pearl Harbor December 7, 1941 In less than two hours, Japan had destroyed most of the U.S. Pacific fleet. More than 2,000 sailors and 68 civilians were killed. Impact/Damage on U.S. o 2,400 U.S. military and civilians lost their lives o 1,178 U.S. military and civilians wounded o 18 ships and 350 planes sunk or damaged

U.S. Enters the War Japan viewed as a stunning victory December 8, 1941, U.S. declares war on Japan December 11, 1941, Germany and Italy declare war on U.S.

Causes of US entering WWII Military Support of Allies -Neutrality Act and Lend-Lease allow US to supply Britain with war goods German Sub Attacks on US naval destroyers while escorting British ships Japanese Imperialism – US economic sanctions against Japan to protest aggression US Enters WWII December 8, 1941 December 7, 1941 Japan attacks Pearl Harbor

Battle of the Atlantic 1939 – 1945 German U-Boats were sinking unprotected U.S. and other Allies' merchant ships Allies began using convoys to protect ships The Allies also used a sonar system to detect German U-Boats The Germans were very successful in the beginning, but by mid , the Allies had the upper hand

"The Battle of the Atlantic was the only thing that really frightened me" - Winston Churchill.

Battle of Stalingrad ( June 1941 – January 31, 1943) Germans violated nonaggression pact with Soviet Union and attacked Hitler hoped to captured Soviet oil fields Germans nearly won (controlled 9/10 of the city) Then the Winter of 1943 hit

Battle of Stalingrad cont… Hitler forced Germans to stay put Soviets used to their advantage and won Soviets lost 1,100,000 people in this battle Turning point in WWII From that point on, Soviet army began to move westward towards Germany

Alliances of WWII The Allied Powers: – United Kingdom – Soviet Union – United States The Axis Powers: – Germany – Japan – Italy

The Leaders of the Allied and Axis Powers The Allied Powers: United Kingdom– Churchill Soviet Union- Stalin United States– Roosevelt/Truman The Axis Powers: Germany- Hitler Japan– Hirohito/Tojo Italy- Mussolini

Normandy Invasion (D-Day) June 6, 1944 During this time, Soviet Union was pushing into Poland and Allies were pushing North in Italy Generals Dwight D. Eisenhower and George Patton influential in leading attack 3 million ally troops to attack

Normandy Invasion cont. D – Day 60 mile stretch of beach 156,000 troops 4,000 landing craft 600 warships 11,000 planes Largest land-sea-air operation in history Omaha beach known as one of the most brutal areas

Normandy Invasion The battle continues Within 1 month, a million more troops arrive September 1944, France was freed from Nazi control

The D-Day Museum in Portsmouth, England claims a total of 2,500 Allied troops died, while German forces suffered between 4,000 and 9,000 total casualties on D-Day. Heritage Foundation in the U.S. claims 4,900 U.S. dead on D-Day By the end of the of the entire Normandy Campaign, nearly 425,000 Allied and German troops were killed, wounded, or missing.

Battle of the Bulge December 16, 1944 German tanks broke through American lines (80 mile front) Fought in Belgium - Germany was trying to capture Antwerp Very brutal war - one of the most extensive of U.S. military (120 American GIs captured and mowed down by SS machine guns and pistols)

Battle of the Bulge Cont. Germans were winning in the beginning 120,000 Germans died (also lost 600 tanks and guns and 1,600 planes – leading to defeat)) 80,000 Americans died Americans won, but were close to losing

Yalta Conference Took place February 1945 before WWII was over Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill met in Yalta in the Soviet Union to discuss post WWII Set up United Nations

April 12, 1945 At the beginning of his 4 th Term, President Franklin D. Roosevelt passes away The U.S. went through a major grieving period Harry S. Truman, as Vice- President, takes the role as President

The end of Hitler April 30, 1945 Hitler and Eva Braun are found dead. Cover of Time magazine May 7, 1945

V-E Day May 8, 1945 General Eisenhower accepted a surrender by the Third Reich V-E day = Victory in Europe day 1 st part of War was over

Potsdam Conference July – August 1945 Truman, (Churchill and then Clement Atlee) and Stalin met in Potsdam, Germany Drew up a blueprint to disarm Germany and eliminate the Nazi regime Divided Germany into 4 sections (occupied by France, Britain, U.S. and Soviet Union) Berlin to be divided up in East (or Soviet Germany) Set up the Nuremberg Trials to persecute Nazi leaders Japan must “unconditionally surrender”

Potsdam, Germany

Nuremberg Trials International tribunal court tried Nazi officials Over 23 nations tried Nazi war criminals in Nuremberg, Germany 12 of the 22 defendants were sentenced to death 200 other officials were found guilty, but give lesser sentences

Battle of Midway June 1942 Admiral Chester Nimitz intercepted Japanese code U.S. launched surprise attack on Japan at Pacific island called Midway U.S. was successful in the Battle of Midway The Japanese lost 4 carriers, a heavy cruiser, 3 destroyers, some 275 planes, at least 4,800 men, and suffered heavy damage among the remaining vessels of their fleet. American losses included 1 carrier, the Yorktown, a destroyer, about 150 planes, and 307 men

Iwo Jima Island in the Pacific that was critical for U.S. win March ,000 Japanese held Iwo Jima U.S. won – 26,800 Japanese troops died – 6,000 U.S. Marines died

Manhattan Project 200,000 Japanese died due to the Atomic bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki Brainpop Hiroshima – August 6, 1945 – “Little Boy” – In 43 seconds, the city collapsed to dust Nagasaki – August 9, 1945 – “Fat Man” – Leveled half of the city

V-J Day August 15, 1945: Japan offers unconditional surrender September 2, 1945: V-J Day = Victory in Japan Day (Formal surrender)

The Holocaust From the time Hitler came to power, the treatment of Jews grew worse. Used Jews as a scapegoat- unfairly blaming them for existing problems. Took rights away from Jews Moved to concentration camps where 6 million Jews were murdered. Hitler believed they were unfit and inferior to be German citizens. Brainpop

Causes and Effects of WWII Causes Causes of WWII WWI –German penalties Germany builds military Germany expansion and imperialism Japan bombs Pearl Harbor Effects of WWII Creation of the United Nations (UN) United States and Soviet Union become Super Powers Cold War

Essential Questions How did the Treaty of Versailles and world- wide depression impact Europe between WWI and WWII? How did the idea of Nazism lead to WWII? Why is the Holocaust a significant event of WWII? What were the major causes and effects of World War II?

Writing Activity Pretend you are a reporter for the War Times. Explain what caused World War II and the effects it had on Europe in a Newspaper spread.