Overview of Immunology [1] Organs and tissues [2] Cells [3] Molecules － Antibodies [4] － Complement [5] － Cytokines [6] － MHC molecules [7] Antigen (Ag) [8] Immune Responses [9] Control mechanisms[10] Hypersensitivity [12] Autoimmune disease [13] Immunodeficiency [14] Tumor immunology [15] Transplantation [16] Components of IS Functions of ISPathology of IR * IS: Immune system IR: Immune response

Complementarity determining region (CDR)

Ag APCs Th1 Tc B Ab PMN NK Th2 Complement Complement in immune response Targetcells MHCCK MHCCK CKs CKs

— Introduction — Activation — Functions — Regulation Complement (C)

— General Characters — Components — Name Introduction of Complement

— Composed of over 30 soluble glycoproteins; — Present in blood and body fluids; — Produced by hepatocytes and monocytes; — Exist as precursor form-zymogens — Activated with ‘cascade’ reaction General character(s)

— Order of finding: C1~C9 — Factor: Factor B, Factor D — Functions: C4-bp (C4-binding protein) Components of complement

— Precursor: C1~C9/Factor B — Active form: C 1r — Fragments: larger……b: C3b smaller……a: C3a — Inactive fragments: iC3b Name

— Classic pathway — Alternative pathway — MBP pathway Activation of complement See:

Ag + Ab Pathogen surface

C 5b6789 Membrane Attack complex (MAC)

— Lysis of the microbes: MAC — Chemotaxis: C5a — Anaphylatoxins: C3a, C5a — Opsonization: C3b Functions of complement

Assembly of MAC creates a pore that inserts into and through lipids bilayers, breaching the membrane barrier, and lysis of target cells.

Anaphylatoxins: C3a and C5a both act on mast cells to cause degranulation and release of vasoactive amines, including: histamine et al,which enhance vascular permeability And local blood flow.

Mediators: vasoactive amines – Vasodilatation, – Vascular permeability increase, – Smooth muscle contraction, – Mucous secretion.

Anaphylaxis pollen

— Inactivated itself — Regulated by inhibitor Regulation of complement

C1inh(C1 inhibitor) : Binding with C1r or C1s and inactivation of C1