An Introduction to Programming with C++1 Beginning the Problem- Solving Process Tutorial 2

An Introduction to Programming with C++2 Objectives Explain the problem-solving process used to create a computer program Analyze a problem Complete an IPO chart Plan an algorithm using pseudocode and flowcharts Desk-check an algorithm

An Introduction to Programming with C++3 Concept Lesson

An Introduction to Programming with C++4 Problem Solving/Solving Everyday Problems Steps include: –Analysis –Planning –Review –Implementation –Evaluation –Modification

An Introduction to Programming with C++5 Analysis and Planning

An Introduction to Programming with C++6 Modified Algorithm

An Introduction to Programming with C++7 Creating Computer Solutions to Problems

An Introduction to Programming with C++8 Analyzing the Problem Purpose of analyzing problem: –to determine the goal –to determine the items needed to achieve goal

An Introduction to Programming with C++9 Analyzing the Problem (Cont.)

An Introduction to Programming with C++10 IPO (Input, Processing, Output) Charts Used by programmers to organize and summarize the results of a problem analysis To determine input: –Search the problem specification for an answer to the following question: What information will the computer need to know to print, display, or store the output items?

An Introduction to Programming with C++11 IPO Chart with Input and Output

An Introduction to Programming with C++12 Determining Important Information If not sure if an item of information is important, ask yourself this question: If I didn’t know this information, could I still solve the problem? When reading a problem specification, it helps to use a pencil to lightly cross out unnecessary information

An Introduction to Programming with C++13 Problem Specification

An Introduction to Programming with C++14 Problem Specification Lacking Information

An Introduction to Programming with C++15 Problem Specification with Input not Stated

An Introduction to Programming with C++16 Planning the Algorithm Processing item - an intermediate value that the algorithm uses when processing the input into the output Pseudocode - a tool programmers use to help them plan an algorithm Flowchart - uses standardized symbols to show the steps the computer needs to take to accomplish the program’s goal

An Introduction to Programming with C++17 Completed IPO Chart

An Introduction to Programming with C++18 IPO Chart with Flow Chart

An Introduction to Programming with C++19 Flowchart Symbols Flowlines - used to connect symbols Start/stop symbol (oval) – indicates beginning of flowchart Process symbols (rectangles) – used to represent tasks such as calculations Input/output symbol (parallelogram) - Used to represent input tasks

An Introduction to Programming with C++20 Solving Sarah’s Problem

An Introduction to Programming with C++21 IPO Chart for Problem Specification

An Introduction to Programming with C++22 Hints for Planning Algorithms

An Introduction to Programming with C++23 Desk-checking the Algorithm Reason for desk-checking: –To verify that the program is not missing any steps –To verify that the existing steps are correct and in the proper order

An Introduction to Programming with C++24 Desk-check Table with New Weekly Pay

An Introduction to Programming with C++25 Results of Second Desk-check

An Introduction to Programming with C++26 The Gas Mileage Problem

An Introduction to Programming with C++27 The Gas Mileage Problem Analyze the problem looking for nouns and adjectives that represent both input and output Output should answer the following question: What does the user want to see printed on paper, displayed on the screen, or stored in a file? Input should answer the following question: What information will the computer need to know to print, display, or store the output items?

An Introduction to Programming with C++28 IPO Chart

An Introduction to Programming with C++29 Completed Desk-check Table

An Introduction to Programming with C++30 Application Lesson

An Introduction to Programming with C++31 Problem Specification and Sample Calculation

An Introduction to Programming with C++32 Analyze the Problem Answer the following questions: –What does the user want to see printed on the printer, displayed on the screen, or stored in a file? –What information will the computer need to know to print, display, or store the output items?

An Introduction to Programming with C++33 IPO Chart Showing Input and Output Items

An Introduction to Programming with C++34 Planning the Algorithm Algorithm – the step-by-step instructions that will transform the input into the output Processing item - an intermediate value that the algorithm uses when processing the input into the output

An Introduction to Programming with C++35 IPO Chart Showing the Partially Completed Algorithm

An Introduction to Programming with C++36 Completed IPO Chart

An Introduction to Programming with C++37 Desk-checking the Algorithm Before desk-checking: –choose a set of sample data for the input values

An Introduction to Programming with C++38 Results of First Desk-check

An Introduction to Programming with C++39 Results of Second Desk-check

An Introduction to Programming with C++40 Another Correct Algorithm

An Introduction to Programming with C++41 Summary Explain the problem-solving process used to create a computer program Problem analysis techniques Complete an IPO chart Use of algorithms (pseudocode) and flowcharts Desk-checking techniques