Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center And Future of Purified Water Use Tour Guides: Miguel Silva Tour Coordinators: Amy Fry, Michelle Pelayo-Osorio Providing Silicon Valley safe, clean water for a healthy life, environment and economy March 16, 2016

2 An Integrated Approach CLEAN, RELIABLE WATERFLOOD PROTECTION HEALTHY CREEKS & ECOSYSTEMS Providing Silicon Valley safe, clean water for a healthy life, environment and economy 2

Santa Clara Valley Water District Serves: 2,000,000 people 15 cities 4,700 direct well owners 13 local water providers 3 San Francisco Bay Area

4 Imported water provides 55% of our supply Lake Oroville State Water Project Shasta Lake Federal Central Valley Project Sacramento-San Joaquin River Delta Water supply* 55% Imported 30% Local 5% Recycled 10% Conservation savings * in average year Water supply* 55% Imported 30% Local 5% Recycled 10% Conservation savings * in average year 4 Hetch Hetchy San Francisco

Risks to Water Supply Reliability 11 Ongoing/ severe droughts Climate change Reduced import of water Population growth 5 Lake Oroville 2011 Lake Oroville 2014

Santa Clara County Groundwater At-A-Glance Urgent Needs for Water Supply 6 6

7 District Targets 30% Water-Use Reduction StageTitle Projected End-of-Year Groundwater Storage (AF) Suggested Short- Term Reduction in Water Use 1NormalAbove 300,000 AFNone 2Alert250,000 AF to 300,000 AF0 – 10% Severe200,000 AF to 250,000 AF10 – 20% 4Critical150,000 AF to 200,000 AF20 – 40% 5EmergencyLess than 150,000 AFUp to 50% 3* * As of 7/1/15: If dry conditions continue and water use reduction is similar to first five months of 2015, total GW storage at end of 2015 is predicted to fall within Stage 3.

Potential Impacts to Groundwater due to Extended Drought Urgent Needs for Water Supply 8 8

Recycled Water Advantages 9 Reusable source Locally-controlled source Purified through treatment Drought-proof Replicates natural water cycle

A comprehensive, Flexible Water System 10 reservoirs 3 pump stations 142 miles of pipelines 4 water treatment plants 393 acres of recharge ponds 275 miles of jurisdictional streams 22 of reservoirs 3 pump stations 142 miles of pipelines 4 water treatment plants 393 acres of recharge ponds 275 miles of jurisdictional streams Santa Clara County 10

County Water Supply & SCVWD Page 5 of 26 11

County Recycled Water Systems 11 12

Water Volume: Acre-Foot 1 Acre-Foot = 326,000 gal. = 2.5 Homes/year 13 1 Acre

Current Recycled Water Use Facility Wastewater Treated (AF) Est. CY 2015 Recycled Water (AF) San Jose/Santa Clara Regional Wastewater Facility 110,00013,760 (13%) Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant 30,0004,058 (14%) Sunnyvale Water Pollution Control Plant 19, (5%) South County Regional Wastewater Authority 8,0002,367 (30%) TOTAL167,00021,152 (13%) 14

Tour Route: Follow-the-Water 15 Start End 15 Silicon Valley Advanced Water Purification Center

Follow the Water Main 3 Steps of Purification Process What we take out 1. MicrofiltrationViruses and Bacteria 2. Reverse Osmosis (RO)Pharmaceuticals and Proteins 3. Ultraviolet Light (UV)All other Pathogens

Uses recycled water and is good for the environment Provides a drought-proof supply Uses state-of-the-art purification processes Speeds up nature’s process Makes use of available state funding Purifying water for a sustainable tomorrow

Filtration: Pore Size Matters (micrometer) 18

Microfiltration Hollow Fibers Influent Water Microscope Image: Journal of Materials Chemistry A 19 MF Concentrate Filtered Water

Reverse Osmosis Membranes 20

Target: <500 mg/L Total Dissolved Solids 2 L 500 mg/L TDS 21

Typical TDS (mg/L) Quantities 2L 22

pH Scale 11 Bases & Acids Target 23

Source: Opflow – Practical Ideas for Water Operations Vol. 41. No. 2 Feb –American Water Works Association - page 11 ( Indirect Potable Reuse Schematic Wastewater Treatment Plant Purified Water Treatment Facility House Waste Water MF RO UV Secondary Effluent Water Purified Water Drinking Water Extraction Wells

Source: Opflow – Practical Ideas for Water Operations Vol. 41. No. 2 Feb –American Water Works Association - page 11 ( Direct Potable Reuse Schematic MFROUV Wastewater Treatment Plant Complete Advanced Treatment Facility (CAT) House Drinking Water Drinking Water Treatment Plant AOP Purified Water Waste Water Secondary Effluent Water

District Recycled and Purified Water Goals 26

Recycled & Purified Water Program Strategies 27  SVAWPC Expansion  Ford Recharge Ponds IPR Facility  Mid-Basin Injection Wells  Los Gatos Recharge Ponds  Westside Injection Wells (or Central Pipeline Direct Potable Reuse as a future alternative)  Sunnyvale Indirect Potable Reuse 27

Proposed Projects for Purified Water Expansion 28

Proposed Projects for Purified Water Expansion 29 Description Capacity (AFY) Est. Capital Costs ($M) Est. Total O&M Costs ($M/Year) Ford Recharge Ponds IPR4,200$ 70$ 4.0 Mid-Basin Injection Wells IPR5,600$ 140$ 3.5 Los Gatos Recharge Ponds IPR20,200$ 260$ 10.0 Westside Injection Wells IPR (or Central Pipeline DPR) 5,000 (5,000) $ 120 ($ 65) $ 4.0 ($ 4.5) Sunnyvale IPR10,000$ 210$ 2.0 Total45,000$ 800$ 23.5

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Questions? Visit: Santa Clara Valley Water District 31