Questions 1.Name the three major nutrients that all plants need 2.What part of the plant does each one of the three nutrients help specifically? 3.Why would you make sure that solid fertiliser does not come into contact with plant stems and leaves?

1.Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium 2. Nitrogen- Leaf and stem growth Phosphorous- root growth Potassium- flower and fruit growth 3.Because it can damage or kill the plants

Shelters

4 Wind damage can result in- 1.Reduced growth 2.Windburn 3.Loss of soil 4.Loss of fruit 5.Damage to leaves, stems fruit & flowers 6.Moisture loss 7.Reduces pollinator activity Windbreaks Use of protection against the wind natural and artificial shelter Windbreaks are used to prevent wind damaging the crop.

5 A windbreak should be PERMEABLE. This allows wind to travel through the windbreak but reduces the air flow by 90%. A solid windbreak lifts the wind but then the wind comes down almost immediately. A permeable windbreak reduces the airflow for times the distance of the height of the windbreak. The windbreaks effect diminishes with the further away from the windbreak you get.

6 Orchardist’s tend to use poplars for wind protection-  Fast growing  Easy to maintain  Cheap to establish  Grow straight up and not out Artificial wind cloth can be used. It is very expensive & has a limited life. Wind cloth is good when establishing a new orchard and trees are planted behind it for the future. Cloth can also be used to prevent birds attacking the fruit— strawberries, grapevines, kiwifruit

Do Now-Questions 1.State two ways wind indirectly damages plants. 2.Give three good and three bad effects of putting shelter around an area of ground. 7

8 1.Wind reduces activity of pollinators and increases moisture lost from the soil 2.Good effects: Reduces wind damage to plants Reduces moisture lost Increases soil temperature Bad effects: Cause unwanted shading Pests and diseases may live in the shelter Shelter takes up space

9 Environmental Conditions The environmental conditions in which plants are grown can be altered by the use of protection using a tunnel or glasshouse.  Tunnel house-made of plastic  Glass house –made of glass Tunnel houses are cheaper to erect but are more likely to be damaged from wind & weather. Light rays in glasshouses are also more effective and last longer

10 Glasshouses & Tunnel houses protect plants by-  Controlling the temperature  Providing a controlled environment  Protection from wind, rain & hail  More lighting, artificial light maybe used to increase the rate of photosynthesis  Water application is controlled  Humidity can be controlled A glasshouse should be situated in an open area that is not shaded. This gives the glasshouse all day access to sunlight & will help prevent damage from tree branches or other objects

11 Glasshouse provide control over  Heating  Lighting  Ventilation  Shade These 4 controlled environmental conditions result in maximum plant processes (photosynthesis, respiration & transpiration) This in turn provides ideal conditions for growth of the plant to occur

12 Shadehouses Shadehouses are used to provide a semi-protected environment for plants. The plastic netting provides protection from –  Frosts  Rain & hail  Sun Shadehouses are used to HARDEN off plants. This is the process where seedlings are taken from the glasshouse & put in the shadehouse. This gives the young plants time to adapt to the natural environment that the plant will live in