Bell Ringer: 1.What are the 3 parts of Cell Theory? 2.Which organelle is the Control Center of the cell? 3.Which organelle controls the passage of materials in and out of the cell? 4.Which organelle is where proteins are made? 5.What are 2 organelles that are in plant cells and not animal cells? 6.What is the main difference between a prokaryotic and a eukaryotic cell?

Joke of the Day:

Movement Through a Membrane

Cell Membrane Function: Regulates what enters and leaves the cell and provides support. Made of: ▫ Lipid bilayer: Support ▫ Proteins: Act as channels and pumps ▫ Carbohydrates: Act like ID cards. Selectively Permeable: some substances can pass across and others cannot.

Cell Membrane Outside of cell Cell membrane Proteins Protein channel Lipid bilayer Carbohydrate chains

Cell Membrane Animation

Passive Transport: (Diffusion) Diffusion: the movement of molecules in a solution from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. ▫ Passive Transport: Does not require energy ▫ Molecules continue until they reach equilibrium (equal concentrations on both sides of the membrane). ▫ Facilitated Diffusion - (helped) Movement of amino acids, sugars and ions

Concentration Gradient High Concentration Low Concentration Molecules moving from high concentrations to low

Diffusion Animation

Osmosis Osmosis: “Diffusion” of water through a selectively permeable membrane. ▫ Isotonic: same amount of solute on both sides ▫ Hypertonic: the side with more solute ▫ Hypotonic: the side with less solute ▫ Example of a solute in a solution would be SALT in saltwater

Osmosis Cell membrane Higher Concentration of Water Lower Concentration of Water Water molecules Sugar molecules

Osmosis Animation

Question: What kind of solution is salt water compared to a cell? Hypertonic because it has a higher salt concentration compared to a cell. Question: What happens to a cell if we put it in salt water? Water will leave the cell by osmosis causing the cell to shrink. Hypotonic Hypertonic Isotonic

Bell Ringer: 1.What are cell membranes made of? 2.What happens to a cell if it is placed in salt water? 3.What is the function of the ribosome? 4.Where does aerobic respiration take place in plant and animal cells? 5.Which organelle controls the cell? 6.What is the term for water moving through a membrane? 7.How does oxygen pass into or out of a cell?

Facilitated Diffusion High Concentration Low Concentration Cell Membrane Glucose molecules Protein channel

Facilitated Diffusion Animation

Bell Ringer: 1.If a molecule is moving down the concentration gradient, is it going from high concentration to low concentration or low to high concentration? 2.Does diffusion require energy? 3.What will happen to a cell if you put it in a hypertonic solution? 4.Molecules continue to move down the gradient until they reach what? 5.Draw and label a cell membrane.

Active Transport Active Transport: the movement of molecules against the concentration gradient (uphill). ▫ Requires energy (ATP) ▫ Often compared to a pump  Example: The Sodium (Na+) Potassium (K+) Pump in the cell membrane pumps sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell.

Concentration Gradient High Concentration Low Concentration Molecules moving from low concentrations to high Energy

Active Transport Molecule to be carried Low Concentration Cell Membrane High Concentration Low Concentration Cell Membrane High Concentration Energy Molecule being carried qzzL4&feature=player_detailpage

Active Transport Animation

Movement Direction: Endocytosis: (enter) particles are taken into the cell Exocytosis: (exit) particles are removed from the cell

Endocytosis Animation

Levels of Organization Cells – Smallest living level of organization Tissues – A group of similar cells that perform a particular function. Organs – Groups of tissues working together to perform a specific function Organ Systems – A group of organs that work together to perform a specific function Muscle Cell Smooth Muscle Stomach Digestive System