Opener – 3 minutes Look through the “Big Book of the Civil War” that was placed on your desks. Closely examine the events on the timeline at the bottom of pages You should understand that there were many “TRIGGERS” to starting the Civil War. John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry, VA in October 1859 is just one of many.

Causes of the CIVIL WARCIVIL WAR No ONE cause Fugitive Slave Act – 1793 Invention of the Cotton Gin Missouri Compromise 1820 Nat Turner’s Rebellion – 1831 Compromise of 1850 Book – Uncle Tom’s Cabin Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 Bleeding Kansas Brooks’ attack on Sumner Dred Scott Decision – 1857 Lincoln-Douglas Debates John Brown’s Raid – 1859 Election of 1860 – Lincoln wins December 20, 1860 – South Carolina FINALLY secedes from the Union One MAIN issue Slavery

John Brown’s Raid October 16, 1859 Harper’s Ferry, VA Goals Seize the armor Distribute weapons to slaves Slaves join Brown to fight Create their own “country” in the mountains of Virginia Hostages are taken Plan falls apart quickly – citizens fight back Take shelter in the “engine house” U.S. Marines storm building October 18 – Lead by R.E. Lee Found guilty of treason – executed December 2, 1859

John Brown’s Raid Hostages are taken Plan falls apart quickly – citizens fight back Take shelter in the “engine house” U.S. Marines storm building October 18 – Lead by R.E. Lee Found guilty of treason – executed December 2, 1859

Traitor or Martyr Intense emotions Hero?Insane? Many are shocked by the raid! Accounts varied

John Brown’s Raid You will examine PRIMARY sources: Diaries Letters Records Court Testimonies Photos Political Cartoons Examine one of the three primary sources Read and review your document with your partner

John Brown’s Raid As you read: Name the author or speaker Describe the document Ask if they have any questions about their document As you read: Complete the “John Brown Primary Source Analysis Worksheet”

Discussion What document did you read? Why was your document written? How do the documents differ? Why might John Brown’s raid be considered a "trigger" event? Some people believed (and still believe) the war began with John Brown. Do you agree or disagree? Why? Given what you know about America in 1859, which people probably had the strongest emotional reactions to the raid (including anger, fear, approval, disappointment, relief)? Why? How might people living in your home town have felt about John Brown's Raid? Why?

Closing Discussion How do the documents differ? For what reason would people today use these documents? What challenges do we face in interpreting primary sources? What insights did you gain from reading these primary sources, as opposed to the background materials? What insights did you gain about America in 1859? If you were to read newspaper editorials about the event, what additional information and insights might you gain?

Assignment: Was John Brown a Hero or Murderer? Construct a written response Quality over quantity!! Include 2 quotes from the Primary Source Addresses the 4 questions

Causes of the CIVIL WARCIVIL WAR No ONE cause Fugitive Slave Act – 1793 Invention of the Cotton Gin Missouri Compromise 1820 Nat Turner’s Rebellion – 1831 Compromise of 1850 Book – Uncle Tom’s Cabin Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854 Bleeding Kansas Brooks’ attack on Sumner Dred Scott Decision – 1857 Lincoln-Douglas Debates John Brown’s Raid – 1859 Election of 1860 – Lincoln wins December 20, 1860 – South Carolina FINALLY secedes from the Union One MAIN issue Slavery

North and South Read the information in the packet Highlight important information about the events leading up the Civil War.

Timeline Activity Cut and paste the pictures that represent the two major differences between the North (Industry) and South (Slavery/Agriculture). Label the differences and write 3-4 facts about EACH region. Cut out and paste the pictures that represent major events leading up the Civil War. Next to each picture, label the event and write a short one- sentence summary of the event.