Artificial Intelligence 1 THIS CD HAS BEEN PRODUCED FOR TEACHERS TO USE IN THE CLASSROOM. IT IS A CONDITION OF THE USE OF THIS CD THAT IT BE USED ONLY BY THE PEOPLE FROM SCHOOLS THAT HAVE PURCHASED THE CDROM FROM DIALOGUE EDUCATION. (THIS DOES NOT PROHIBIT ITS USE ON A SCHOOL’S INTRANET). Dialogue Education Update 3

Artificial Intellegence Artificial intelligence, by claiming to be able to recreate the capabilities of the human mind, is both a challenge and an inspiration for philosophy. 2

Artificial Intelligence The philosophy of artificial intelligence attempts to answer such questions as: Can a machine act intelligently? Can it solve any problem that a person would solve by thinking? Can a machine have a mind, mental states and consciousness in the same sense humans do? Can it feel? Are human intelligence and machine intelligence the same? Is the human brain essentially a computer? 3

Turing's "polite convention" We need not decide if a machine can "think"; we need only decide if a machine can act as intelligently as a human being. 4

Arguments that a computer cannot have a mind and mental states Searle’s Chinese Room Seale argues there are special "causal properties" of brains and neurons that gives rise to minds: in his words "brains cause minds”. 5

Responses to the Chinese Room Responses to the Chinese room emphasize several different points; The systems reply and the virtual mind reply: Speed, power and complexity replies: Robot reply: Brain simulator reply: Other minds reply and the epiphenomena reply: 6

Artificial Intelligence 7 Is thinking a kind of computation? This issue is of primary importance to cognitive scientists, who study the nature of human thinking and problem solving.

Reasoning is nothing but reckoning In other words, our intelligence derives from a form of calculation, similar to arithmetic. 8

Mental states are just implementations of (the right) computer programs This is John Searle's "strong AI" discussed above, and it is the real target of the Chinese Room argument (according to Harnad). 9

Bibliography The mind-body problem by Robert M. Young Forming the Mind: Essays on the Internal Senses and the Mind/Body Problem from Avicenna to the Medical Enlightenment, Springer Science + Business Media, , ISBN Cronk G. Bergen College Website- Turner 96, p.76 Kim, J. (1995). Honderich, Ted. ed.. Problems in the Philosophy of Mind. Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pinel, J. Psychobiology, (1990) Prentice Hall, Inc. ISBN LeDoux, J. (2002) The Synaptic Self: How Our Brains Become Who We Are, New York:Viking Penguin. ISBN Russell, S. and Norvig, P. Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach, New Jersey:Prentice Hall. ISBN Dawkins, R. The Selfish Gene (1976) Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN Kim, J., "Mind-Body Problem", Oxford Companion to Philosophy. Ted Honderich (ed.). Oxford:Oxford University Press Wikipedia-Mind Body Dichotomy- 10