6/10/2016

Do you know anything about Archimedes? Discussion

6/10/2016 Ask and answer questions about Archimedes based on the following facts.

6/10/2016 Do you know Archimedes? … Yes, he discovered the Principle of buoyancy. …

6/10/2016 Eureka is a cry of triumph when making a discovery. It means “I have found it!”. Here is what Archimedes had discovered. Work with your partner and put the following into Chinese. Archimedes ’ principle: Any body completely or partially submerged in a fluid is acted upon by an upward force which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body. 浸在液体中的物体受到向上的浮力，浮力的大小等于 它排开的液体的重力。

6/10/2016 Guess the following statements are true (F) or false (F), then check your prediction after reading. 1) The king ruled a large country but he wanted to wear the biggest crown in the world. 2) The goldsmith was honest and he returned the finished crown with exactly the same weight. 3) The crown was supposed to have rich red color but it was brilliant yellow. 4) Archimedes made his discovery when he took a bath. 5) Archimedes knew from the very beginning that something was wrong with the crown. F F T T F

6/10/2016 There was once a king of Syracuse whose name was Hiero. The country over which he ruled was quite small, but for that very reason he wanted to wear the biggest crown in the world. So he called in a famous goldsmith, who was skillful in all kinds of fine work, and gave him ten pounds of pure gold. 1. contributive clause [prep. (over) + which] 2. rule over 统治 e. g. The people enjoy peace when the king rule over the country.

6/10/2016 “Take this,” he said, “and fashion it into a crown that shall make every other king want it for his own. Be sure that you put into it every grain of the gold I give you, and do not mix any other metal with it.” “It shall be as you wish,” said the goldsmith. “Here I receive from you ten pounds of pure gold; within ninety days I will return to you the finished crown which shall be of exactly the same weight.” e. g. Be sure that the door is closed when leaving the office. Are sure that the answer is correct? n. V. e.g. He fashioned the clay into a beautiful jar.

6/10/2016 Ninety days later, true to his word, the goldsmith brought the crown. It was a beautiful piece of work, and all who saw it said that it had not its equal in the world. When King Hiero put it on his head it felt very uncomfortable, but he did not mind — he was sure that no other king had so fine a headpiece. After he had admired it, he weighted it on his own scales. It was exactly as heavy as he had ordered. 注意本段中表 示最高级和原 级比较的说法。 1 2 3

6/10/2016 “You deserve great praise,” he said to the goldsmith, “you have wrought very skillfully and you have not lost a grain of my gold.” There was in the king’s court a very wise man whose name was Archimedes. When he was called in to admire the king’s crown he turned it over many times and examined it very closely. “Well, what do you think of it?” asked Hiero. “The workmanship is indeed very beautiful,” answered Archimedes, “but the gold…” p. p of work in old English

6/10/2016 “The gold is all there,” cried the king, “I weighed it on my own scales.” “True,” said Archimedes, “but it does not appear to have the same rich red colour that it had in the lump. It is not red at all, but a brilliant yellow, as you can plainly see.” “Most gold is yellow,” said Hiero, “but now that you speak of it I do remember that when this was in the lump it has a much richer colour.” “What if the goldsmith has kept out a pound or two of the gold and made up the weight by adding brass or silver?” asked Archimedes. =since e.g. Now that you are grown up, you should depend on yourself. do 作为助动词表强调。 Do come! 一定要来哟！

6/10/2016 “Oh, he could not do that,” said Hiero, “the gold has merely changed its colour in the working.” But the more he thought of the matter the less pleased he was with the crown. At last he said to Archimedes, “Is there any way to find out whether that goldsmith really cheated me, or whether he honestly gave me back my gold?” “I know of no way,” was the answer. “the + 比较级； the + 比较级 ” 句型，意为 “ 越 … 越 …” e.g. The more difficult the questions are, the less likely I can answer them.

6/10/2016 But Archimedes was not the man to say that anything was impossible. He took great delight in working out hard problems, and when any question puzzled him he would keep studying until he found some sort of answer to it. And so, day after day, he thought about the gold and tried to find some way by which it could be tested without doing harm the crown. take delight in doing sth. 喜爱做某事；以做某事为乐 e.g. 1. She takes delight in cooking lovely meals. 2. He took delight in giving excellent performance to the audience.

6/10/2016 One morning he was thinking of this question while he was getting ready for a bath. The great bathtub was full to the very edge, and as he stepped into it a quantity of water flowed out upon the stone floor. A similar thing had happened a hundred times before, but this was the first time that Archimedes had thought about it. “How much water I displace by getting into the bathtub?” he asked himself. “Anybody can see that I displaced a bulk of water equal to the bulk of my body. A man half my size would displace half as much.” Do you agree that great discoveries often hide in daily life? Give some other examples.

6/10/2016 “Now suppose, instead of putting myself into the bathtub, I had put Hiero’s crown into it, it would have displaced a bulk of water equal to its own bulk. Ah, let me see! Gold is much heavier than silver. Ten pounds of pure gold will not make so great a bulk as say seven pounds of pure gold mixed with three pounds of silver. If Hiero’s crown is pure gold it will displace the same bulk of water as any other ten pounds of pure gold. But if it is part gold and part silver it will displace a larger bulk. I have it at last! Eureka! Eureka!” This is how the principle of buoyancy was discovered. Is it amazing?

6/10/2016 Forgetful of everything else he leaped from the bath. Without stopping to dress himself, he ran through the streets to the king’s palace shouting, “Eureka! Eureka! Eureka!” The crown was tested. It was found to displace much more water than ten pounds of pure gold displaced. The guilt of the goldsmith was proved beyond a doubt. beyond a doubt 毫无疑问 e.g. 1. Beyond a doubt, it was he who did a favour to the old. 2. She is fit for the job beyond a doubt. forget forgetful

6/10/2016 Read the text and decide which of the following tells the main idea of the text. A. Hiero’s country. B. Hiero ’ s wish to have a crown. C. How the goldsmith made the crown D. People praised the crown E. They found something wrong with the crown F. Archimedes made his discovery G. The goldsmith was punished

6/10/2016 Read the text again and complete the following diagram in your own words. water flowed out displaced a bulk of water equal to the bulk of body it would have displaced a bulk of water equal to its own bulk Ten pounds of pure gold will not make so great a bulk as ten pounds of the mixture of gold and silver do it will siaplace a larger bulk

6/10/2016 Get familiar with the words or expressions with the help of a dictionary, then use their proper forms to complete the following sentences. 1) Old people warm sunshine even more than younger people. 2) You must the time that you have wasted this afternoon, by working late tonight. 3) He whistle from a piece of wood. take delight in make up fashioned

6/10/2016 4) These people in trouble really our help. 5) Come and the view! 6) Babies of two months old do not to be willing to enter the water. 7) The woman ’ s illness the doctor and he couldn ’ t find the cause. 8) The ship 20, 000 tons. deserved admire appear puzzled displaces

6/10/2016 The simple discovery which Archimedes made in his bath tub was worth far more to the world than Hiero ’ s crown. Discuss with your group members how you understand the picture below. You may use the following words for your discussion. ball: displaced water weight ＜ ball weight hull: displaced water weight =hull weight

6/10/2016 Suggested answer Archimedes ’ Principle explains why steel ships float. If the weight of the water displaced is less than the weight of the object, the object will sink. Otherwise the object will float, with the weight of the water displaced equal to the weight of the object.

6/10/2016 Illustrate how to do a scientific research by following Archimedes’ example and complete the following chart in groups. Then find more examples with the help of your teacher.

6/10/2016 1) Fill the form with information you got from the passage. 2) Compare more examples of scientific findings, such as Newton ’ s story. 3) Try to apply the steps of scientific research to solve problems and to find wonders in in daily life.

6/10/2016