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Presentation transcript:

An Ultrahigh Resolution Accurate Mass LC/MS solution to Forensic Toxicology Screening in Serum

Presentation overview Introduction to Exactive benchtop LC/MS system List of drugs monitored in serum Sample preparation LC/MS method overview, HPLC and UPLC Resolution and mass accuracy data Identification performance LOD vs resolution & concentration Conclusions Appendix

Exactive™ a short introduction Collision cell C-Trap Octapole Split Lens Flatapole Skimmer Tubelens Capillary Orbitrap Voici le chemin optique de l‘Exactive. Les ions sont générés par une source API de type electropsray ou APCI. Ils sont ensuite transférés via une série de lentilles et d‘octapole vers la C Trap ou ils sont piégés puis envoyés par pulse vers l‘OrbiTrap. Dans le cas ou l‘on ferait de la fragmentation en mode HCD, les ions sont tout d‘abord envoyés vers la cellule de collisions puis transférés vers l‘OrbiTrap via la Ctrap. Une fois les ions présents dans la C Trap, . Leur Mvt va induire un courant d‘electrons. Les ions placés dans une champ électriques sont animés d‘un mouvement dont la fréquence radial est directement lié à leur rapport m/z. La fréquence des oscillations axiales induit un courant que l’on appelle courant image sur les électrodes. C’est ce signal qui est analysé par Transformé de Fourier. La flatapole est à 90°C pour des raisons d‘encombrement. Les barres du quadrupole sont carrés au centre de manière à limiter la taille des oscillations. On peut ainsi mettre à al suite des lentilles de diamètre plus faibel et obtenir un meilleur vide. Ions are injected through the source …and trapped in the C-trap and squeezed into a smaller cloud …then a voltage pulse across C-trap ejects ions towards the Orbitrap …where they are trapped and detected 3

Orbitrap – Principle of Operation z φ Hyper-logarithmic potential distribution: “ideal Kingdon trap” r Characteristic frequencies: Frequency of rotation ωφ Frequency of radial oscillations ωr Frequency of axial oscillations ωz Makarov A. Anal. Chem. 2000, 72, 1156-1162.

The 40 drugs in serum Concentrations : 0.4 µg/L - 1.25 mg/L for most drugs Isobars Isomers Amitriptyline 278.1903 LSD 324.2070 Phenobarbital 231.0764 Bromazepam 316.0080 Maprotiline Prazepam 325.1102 Buprenorphine 468.3108 Methadone 310.2165 Quinine 325.1911 Citalopram 325.1711 Nadolol 310.2012 Quinidine Clobazam 301.0738 Norbuprenorphine 414.2638 THC COOH 345.2060 Clomipramine 315.1623 Norclobazam 287.0582 THC Delta 9 315.2319 Clonazepam 316.0483 Norcyamemazine 310.1372 Thiopental 241.1062 Cyamemazine 324.1529 Nordiazepam 271.0633 Tramadol 264.1958 Declomipramine 301.1466 Norfluoxetine 296.1257 Venlafaxine 278.2115 Diazepam 285.0789 NorLSD 310.1914 Verapamil 455.2904 EDDP Normaprotiline 264.1747 Zolpidem 308.1757 Fluoxetine 310.1413 Nortritpryline Zopiclone 389.1123 Glibenclamide 494.1511 Norvenlafaxine Hydroxyzine 375.1834 Oxazepam Mettre les masses exatces et souligner les isomeres/isobare. Et ajouter les concentrations… Note: Lowest concentration samples prepared by dilutions with a mixture 80/20 A/B

Serum sample preparation protocol Liquid Liquid Extraction 1000 µL human serum Add 200 µL 20% Na2CO3 Add 5mL ether Vortex 1 minute Separate organic layer dry at 40 deg C under N2 Reconstitute in 400 µL 80/20 A/B Inject 10ul

LC/MS method overview HRMS method ESI source Mass range 100 – 800 amu Res: 10K, 50K, 100K Pos/Neg switching HCD MS/MS after every MS scan 100,000 R =10,000 1 Second 0.1 s Pos. Full Scan MS Neg. Full Scan MS Pos. Full Scan MS Alternate Scan Polarity Switching Pos. HCD Neg. HCD

Mass accuracy for identification Mass accuracy not affected by concentration or resolution 1000 mg/l 100 mg/l 10mg/l 1mg/l 100µg/l 100k 50k 10k ….. Imipramine 2.5 2.4 1.4 2.9 1.7 3 2.7 1.1 3.4 2.2 Levomepromazine 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.3 3.8 3.9 3.2 4.4 Lidocaine 1.8 1.9 2.6 2.3 1.2 2.1 All molecules (ppm) 2.8 3.0 3.1 No impact of the sensitivity on massa accuracy. Idem within an HPLC peak. External concentration. Mass accuracy mesurées sur la base d’ 1 seul scan, pris au sommet des pics chromatos ; pas besoin de moyenner comme sur TOF Rajouter un exemple ou la précision en masse se dégrade en fonction de la résolution. Dynamique in scan.Idem.. Note: Data on standards using external mass calibration

Impact of concentration and resolution on identification 35 drugs identified with exact mass and RT upto 10 µg/L Extra confirmation with at least one fragment ion for most drugs Selectivity example 45 40 35 30 Zolpidem 0.4 µg/L 25 20 15 10 5 ppm Massa accuracy. 1 compound has not been identified even at 1.25 ppm. It’s thiopental. 100k is always better than 10k. N is the number of molecules identified. 5 100k 10k 100k 10k 100k 10k 100k 10k 100k 10k 100k 10k 1.25 mg/L 250 µg/L 50 µg/L 10 µg/L 2 µg/L 0.4 µg/L Buprenorphine 1 µg/L Note: Identification with 5 ppm accuracy

Impact of resolution on isotope ratio matching for confirmation Resolution ~ 100,000 FWHM provided reliable isotope ratio confirmation 34S Resolution 100.000 Olanzapine C17H20N4S Resolution 10.000

Experimental and theoretical pattern match well Accuracy of experimental isotope pattern - Bromazepam Experimental and theoretical pattern match well EXPERIMENTAL m/z Intensity Relative 316.00692 10055447.0 100.00 317.01021 1337341.6 13.30 318.00479 9632045.0 95.79 319.00810 1243849.1 12.37 THEORITICAL m/z Intensity Relative 316.00800 429640.4 100.00 317.01136 65056.2 15.14 318.00595 417943.8 97.28 319.00931 63285.1 14.73 Diificulties to get this on TOF

Unique fragment ion additionally confirms Maprotiline Additional confirmation using fragment ions MS chromatogram Maprotiline and Amitryptiline identical mass different structure different RT different fragment ions Maprotiline C20H23N Amitryptiline C20H23N Unique fragment ion additionally confirms Maprotiline Fragment Maprotiline Le mélange comme vous avez pu le voir contient une certain nombre de molécules isomères qui peuvent avoir dans certains cas des temps de rétention extrêmement proche comme c’est le cas ici avec la maprotiline et l’amittryptiline. Le temps de rétention seul ne permet pas de confirmer la présence ou non de l’une de ces molécules et pour cette raison nous avons identifié un fragment spécifique de la maprotiline qui n’est pas observé avec l’amitryptiline. La validation d’un résultat comme vous le savez est lié à un certain nombre de points. En ce qui concerne le cas présent on considère qu’il faut 4 points. Or nous avons 2 points pour le parent et 2?5 point pour le fils. Ce qui est suffisant pour valider le résultat. XIC of fragment ion

Benefit of resolution for co-eluting compounds Quinine and Bisprolol co-elute; 13C isotope mass of one matches with the other HPLC data Quinine C20H24N2O2 MW : 325.1911 Bisoprolol C18H31NO4 326.2326

Mass accuracy Bisoprolol 3 ppm Mass accuracy Bisoprolol 9 ppm Benefit of resolution for co-eluting compound Sample with both drugs - confirmation compromised @10,000 Quinine 12C Quinine 13C Quinine + Bisoprolol Bisoprolol 12C Nous avons ainsi regarder le spectre de masse au temps de rétention de 8.4 min à deux valeurs de résolution différentes : 10.000 et 100.000. On observe la chose suivante : A 100.000 de résolution, il est possible de séparer le bisoprolol de le l’isotope M+1 de la quinine et par voie de conséquence d’identifier le bisoprolol avec une précision à 3 ppm. Dans le cas ou nous travaillons à 10.000 de résolution, il n’est pas possible de séparer les deux espèces. Par voie de conséquence, la précision en masse du bisoprolol passe à 9 ppm ce qui ne nous permet pas d’identifier le composé. On observe la même chose avec le Zolpidem et le Buflomedil qui sont deux composés qui coéluent égalemement dans ces condtions analytiques. La différence en masse entre les deux composés est de 0.009896. il est possible de distinguer les deux espèces à une résolution de 100.000 alors que cela est impossible avec 10.000. Il n’est donc pas possible dans ce cas de confrimer al présence de l’un ou l’autre des deux composés. il faut insister sur ces slides et montrer les précisions en ppm sur le bisoprolol à 100 et 10K et un chromato qui montre qu’à 10K/5ppm le bisoprolol n’est pas détecté. Le commentaire est que sur des échantillons réels la très hte résolution est indispensable pour éviter les faux négatifs. Idéalement il nous faudrait des stats là-dessus, ça veut dire faire une étude de détectabilité en matrice à réso et concentrations décroissantes. Je sais on a été obligé de diluer en phase mobile mais on ne pourrait pas trouver d’autres cas à 400 ppt où les masses ont shifté ?? Regarder jusqu’à combien on peut descendre en elta à 100.000 de résolution. Précier que la mass accuracy est 3 ppm avec la résolution de 100 et 9 avec la résolution de 10k. Idem avec Zolpidem/Buflomedil delat en masse 0.009896. 100k peut séparer. Resolution 100,000 Mass accuracy Bisoprolol 3 ppm Resolution 10,000 Mass accuracy Bisoprolol 9 ppm

Sensitivity increase with U-HPLC 7.9 5.3 68.4 23.7 26.3 0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0 70.0 80.0 Resolution 100k Resolution 10k No gain in Sensitivity (%) Increase by 1 to 5x (%) Increase above 5x (%) Sensitivity gain with U-HPLC 5 X for ~70% drugs Dynamic range 2 to 3 orders of magnitude (0.4 to 250ug/L) % of drugs LSD LSD calibration curve from 40ppt to 125 ppm

HPLC/UPLC –1.25 mg/L in serum

Identification range comparison - HPLC vs UPLC Best results with UPLC at 100,000 resolution % drugs Rajouter des courbes de quanti. Ajouter une liste de mauvais répondeur. Ordonnées ?

Automated reporting with ToxID Software Compound ID Formula Mass Mass Accuracy Retention Time Adducts and fragments Intensity

Conclusions Ultra high resolution >50,000 needed for specificity in screening Better than 5 ppm mass accuracy identified all drugs Isotope ratio matching is reliable at 100,000 resolution Additional confirmation using at least one fragment ion UHPLC improved sensitivity by 5x over HPLC Reduced run time by half to 13 minutes LOD for most drugs ~ 2 ug/L ToxID software is ideally suited for screening

Thanks To…. CHU Reims, Pharmacology/Toxicology ThermoFisher Scientific Denis Lamiable, Guillaume Hoizey, Olivier Oget, Laurent Binet ThermoFisher Scientific Eric Génin, Lab manager.

Analysis of Benzodiazepines in urine using Exactive benchtop LC/MS system

Standards, QC and sample preparation 6 drugs at 250 ng/mL from ElSohly Labs QC sample Lorazepam Nordiazepam Oxazepam Temazepam Hydroxyalprazolam Desalkylflurazepam Lorazepam-D4 Nordiazepam-D5 Oxazepam-D5 Temazepam-D5 Hydroxytriazolam-D4 Hydroxyalprazolam-D5 Aminoflunitrazepam-D7 Standards IS Add 7 deuterated IS Standard preparation Sample preparation Negative standard urine 2 mL urine Add 12 Benzodiazepines Hydrolysis Add 7 deuterated IS SPE Standards IS 200 ul of extract Lorazepam Nordiazepam Oxazepam Temazepam Hydroxyalprazolam Desalkylflurazepam Hydroxytriazolam Aminoclonazepam Aminonitrazepam Aminoflunitrazepam Hydroxyethylflurazepam Diazepam Lorazepam-D4 Nordiazepam-D5 Oxazepam-D5 Temazepam-D5 Hydroxytriazolam-D4 Hydroxyalprazolam-D5 Aminoflunitrazepam-D7 5 uL inject Note: Blanks were negative standard urine spiked with IS at 1000 ng/ml

LC/MS Method LC method Mobile Phase A: water containing 0.1% formic acid B: ACN containing 0.1% formic acid Column Thermo Scientific Hypersil GOLD PFP 50x2.1 mm, 5 µm Injection volume: 5 µL Flow rate: 400 µL/min Gradient Time (min) % A %B 0 95 5 0.5 95 5 3.0 5 95 4.0 5 9 4.1 95 5 4.2 95 5 6.0 95 5 Exactive MS method Resolution: 100,000 Source: ESI

12 Benzodiazepines with 7 IS Total ion chromatogram (TIC) QC sample 200 ng/mL std Benzodiazepines elution window (0.9min) Note: 4X throughput with LX – 4 multiplexing system

Blank – All IS elute within 0.9 min window Very low background, low 0-3e3 for blank vs 2 - 5e6 for IS@1000/ng/ml Standards Internal standards Lorazepam-D4 Temazepam Hydroxyethylflurazepam Nordiazepam-D5 Hydroxytriazolam Lorazepam Oxazepam-D5 Diazepam Hydroxyalprazolam Temazepam-D5 Desalkylflurazepam Aminoclonazepam Hydroxytriazolam-D4 Nordiazepam Aminonitrazepam Hydroxyalprazolam-D5 Oxazepam Aminoflunitrazepam-D7 Aminoflunitrazepam Note: Blanks were negative standard urine spiked with IS at 1000 ng/ml

200 ng/mL standard – All elute in 0.5 min window Hydroxyethylflurazepam Lorazepam-D4 Temazepam Nordiazepam-D5 Lorazepam Hydroxytriazolam Oxazepam-D5 Diazepam Hydroxyalprazolam Temazepam-D5 Desalkylflurazepam Aminoclonazepam Hydroxytriazolam-D4 Aminonitrazepam Nordiazepam Hydroxyalprazolam-D5 Oxazepam Aminoflunitrazepam Aminoflunitrazepam-D7

1000 ng/mL standard Lorazepam-D4 Hydroxyethylflurazepam Temazepam Nordiazepam-D5 Lorazepam Hydroxytriazolam Oxazepam-D5 Diazepam Hydroxyalprazolam Temazepam-D5 Aminoclonazepam Desalkylflurazepam Hydroxytriazolam-D4 Aminonitrazepam Nordiazepam Hydroxyalprazolam-D5 Oxazepam Aminoflunitrazepam Aminoflunitrazepam-D7

2000 ng/mL standard Temazepam Lorazepam-D4 Hydroxyethylflurazepam Nordiazepam-D5 Lorazepam Hydroxytriazolam Oxazepam-D5 Hydroxyalprazolam Diazepam Temazepam-D5 Desalkylflurazepam Aminoclonazepam Hydroxytriazolam-D4 Nordiazepam Aminonitrazepam Hydroxyalprazolam-D5 Aminoflunitrazepam Oxazepam Aminoflunitrazepam-D7

Carryover - Much less than 1% MeOH after 2000 ng/mL std Hydroxyethylflurazepam Lorazepam-D4 Temazepam No analyte signal Low background signal in all channels Nordiazepam-D5 Lorazepam Hydroxytriazolam Oxazepam-D5 Diazepam Hydroxyalprazolam Temazepam-D5 Aminoclonazepam Desalkylflurazepam Hydroxytriazolam-D4 Aminonitrazepam Nordiazepam Hydroxyalprazolam-D5 Oxazepam Aminoflunitrazepam Aminoflunitrazepam-D7

QC containing 6 drugs – 250 ng/mL(expected and found) IS   Lorazepam-D4 Hydroxyethylflurazepam Temazepam  Nordiazepam-D5  Lorazepam Hydroxytriazolam   Oxazepam-D5 Diazepam Hydroxyalprazolam  Temazepam-D5  Desalkylflurazepam Aminoclonazepam  Hydroxytriazolam-D4  Nordiazepam  Aminonitrazepam Hydroxyalprazolam-D5   Oxazepam Aminoflunitrazepam Aminoflunitrazepam-D7

QC sample – Quant performance statistics

Conclusions The method for Benzodiazepines analysis in urine meets all the criteria set by the forensic toxicology lab customer Run time - 6min Linearity range 200-2000 ng/mL No carryover Use of only 7 internal standards Works on customer’s hydrolysis and SPE protocol Recovery in high 90% for most drugs The specificity of the system for this assay is equivalent or better than MRM on triple quadrupole LC/MS/MS system Note: MRM data not shown here

Quantitation of Urinary Ethyl Glucuronide using Ultra High Resolution LC-MS System 33

Goal Develop a method to quantitate urinary Ethyl glucoronide (ETG) in Fortes lab (forensic toxicology lab customer) with the following characteristics LOQ 500 ng/mL or better Linearity range : 500 -10,000 ng/mL Accuracy >15% Carryover <1% of the highest concentration standard Good correlation with reference lab method

LC/MS system Accela LC System Exactive System Hypercarb 50x2.1mm 35

ETG calibrator and sample preparation Concentration ETG ng/mL Cal 1 100 Cal 2 250 Cal 3 500 Cal 4 5000 Cal 5 10000 Add 100 uL IS@5000 ng/mL 1mL urine Dilute 10X with H2O 10 uL inject Sample preparation Note: Internal Standard ETG-D5 stock@5000 ng/mL 36

Calibration standards chromatograms XIC@5 ppm mass accuracy, res.100,000 100 ng/mL* 250 ng/mL ETG ETG IS IS *not included in calibration curve

Calibration standards chromatograms XIC@5 ppm mass accuracy 5000 ng/mL 10000 ng/mL ETG ETG IS IS

Calibration curve - 250 to 10000 ng/mL Good linearity and accuracy Note: 500 ng/mL standard analyzed in triplicate

No carryover Blank urine after 10,000 ng/mL standard No ETG peak IS

Urine samples 22665 21891 ETG > 10 000 ng/mL ETG: 4200 ng/mL IS IS

Urine samples 22287 22287 ETG > 10,000 ng/mL ETG: 380 ng/mL IS IS

Comparison with reference lab results 21828 Comparison summary ETG < 250 ng/mL *Sample was injected twice IS

Conclusion The method developed on Exactive LC/MS system meets all the criteria for ETG analysis set by Fortes lab (forensic toxicology lab customer) LOQ better than 500 ng/mL Good linearity between 500 – 10,000 ng/mL Accuracy better than 15% (mostly better than 5%) No carryover Excellent correlation with established reference lab method

Appendix

LC-MS method LC-gradient Column Mobile phase Gradient method Hypercarb 50 x 2.1, 5mm Mobile phase A: 20 mM ammonium acetate in DI water B: ACN Gradient method Autosampler method Injection volume: 20uL Injection mode: no waste Wash solution: 80% MeOH Wash volume: 1000 mL Flash volume: 1000 mL LC-gradient Time (min) %A %B Flow rate (mL/min) 98 2 200 3 3.1 5 95 600 4.0 4.01 10.0

MS method Source parameters Data acquisition parameters ESI source Sheet gas (units): 15 Aux gas (units): 10 Sweep gas (units): 0 Spray voltage (kV): 5 Capillary temperature (C0): 320 Capillary voltage (V): -82.5 Tube lens voltage (V): -135 Data acquisition parameters Polarity: negative Microscans: 1 Resolution: 100,000 Max inject time (ms): 100 Scan range (mu): 221-227 Probe position: C

Human urine data