Handling Research Misconduct Allegations & Promoting Research Integrity Scott J. Moore, Ph.D., J.D. Investigative Scientist National Science Foundation Office of Inspector General Research Integrity and Administrative Investigations Division Promoting the Responsible Conduct of Research for College and University Leaders Loyola Marymount University – April 14-15, 2016

The Basic Process  Allegations  Inquiry &  Investigation  Adjudication  Appeal  Final Decision  Define a problem  Ask questions & collect evidence  Draw conclusions  Reconsider  Finalize conclusions Looks like the scientific method Looks like the legal process

Take home message I.Be prepared- Have a comprehensive, up-to-date policy to guide you. II.Every case is unique- A good policy will get you through twists and detours. III.Document, Document, Document- This is the support for your decision. IV.Go where the evidence takes you- Who, What, Where, When, Why, and How. V.Make a final, balanced decision- Make it timely, focused, and clear.

Research Misconduct Management Plan BeforeAllegationInquiryInvestigation Report & Decision After Does your community know your policy? And where to find it? Will they act according to policy? To whom does your policy apply? Do they know that it applies to them? Is there buy-in at all levels? How is it integrated with other policies? (e.g., data management, authorship, IRB, IACUC, financial COI) Does your General Counsel know you yet?

Research Misconduct Management Plan BeforeAllegationInquiryInvestigation Report & Decision After Can the allegation be anonymous? Must it be written? Is the complainant an entity (a journal or an agency)? Who receives the allegation? What should the allegation contain? Does the allegation impact research supported internally or externally? Is there any imminent harm or immediate need for action?

Research Misconduct Management Plan BeforeAllegationInquiryInvestigation Report & Decision After What evidence do you secure? When? How? Who conducts your inquiry? What are the confidentiality requirements? What is the end product of the inquiry? What are the notification requirements? What is the timeframe for the inquiry? What do you do with admissions of guilt?

Research Misconduct Management Plan BeforeAllegationInquiryInvestigation Report & Decision After How are COIs identified and managed? What are the elements of a finding? Do they differ from NSF’s? What is the process for adding Subjects or allegations? How is testimony corroborated? How do you handle subjects and witnesses at other institutions?

Committees are usually ad hoc and composed of faculty members without any specialized training in investigating. They are out of their comfort zone. They are worried about getting sued. They will gravitate back to their comfort zone at any opportunity. They are like juries, except they can ask the questions. Like juries, they need instructions. A RIO (with the help of counsel) should: guide them back into the investigation zone; not influence their assessment; provide the context for consistency. OIG has resources. The OIG Case Lead / Case Attorney The OIG committee briefing The OIG website Semiannual reports Case closeout memoranda online.

Research Misconduct Management Plan BeforeAllegationInquiryInvestigation Report & Decision After Are you analyzing the science or the misconduct? What is pattern evidence and where do you look? What can you use it for? What can you secure? How should you secure it? Data, Notebooks, Instrument records, Samples, (?) Can the research proceed? Where else may the evidence be?

To whom is the draft distributed for comments? Who is the deciding official? What if individuals have left the institution? What are potential legal implications? Are the final conclusions reasonable and supported by the evidence? Research Misconduct Management Plan BeforeAllegationInquiryInvestigation Report & Decision After

BeforeAllegationInquiryInvestigation Report & Decision How long do consequences last and who monitors them? Are policy revisions necessary? How do completed cases affect RCR training? How is public disclosure and/or complaint handled? What if the subject has left the institution? Research Misconduct Management Plan After

NSF OIG Research Integrity and Administrative Investigations Division Jim Kroll, Director Aaron Manka, Scott Moore, Aliza Sacknovitz Rachel Allbritten, Erik Runko, Cynthia Davis, Valerie Hillgren

Contact Information Hotline: Fax: (703) Wilson Boulevard Suite II-705 Arlington, VA ATTN: OIG HOTLINE