Newton’s Law of Gravitation M1M1 M2M2 Every body in the Universe attracts every other body in the Universe.

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Presentation transcript:

Newton’s Law of Gravitation M1M1 M2M2 Every body in the Universe attracts every other body in the Universe.

Newton’s Law of Gravitation …is consistent with Newton’s third law. M1M1 M2M2

Gravitational Field

Example Calculate the magnitude of the gravitational ﬁeld of Earth near its surface. What assumption did you make?

Poll Suppose that a certain star has no planets or other “debris” orbiting it. Does the star create a gravitational field around it? 1.Yes 2.No 3.Yes, but it’s a field of dreams.

Poll If you double the mass of m 1, the gravitational force on m 2 1.Increases by 2 2.Increases by 4 3.Decreases by 1/2 4.Decreases by 1/4 5.Stays the same

Poll If you double the distance between m 1 and m 2, the gravitational force on m 2 1.Increases by 2 2.Increases by 4 3.Decreases by 1/2 4.Decreases by 1/4 5.Stays the same

Poll Sun’s mass is 2x10 30 kg. Earth’s mass is 6x10 24 kg. Thus, Sun is nearly a million times more massive than Earth. Which object “feels” a larger gravitational force? (Assume a two-body system.) 1.Sun 2.Earth 3.Neither, the graviational force on each object has the same magnitude.

Example What is the weight of a 90-kg astronaut if she is orbiting Earth at an altitude of 200 km? Is she weightless? If not, then why does she seem to “ﬂoat around” in the space shuttle?

Circular Orbit

Example What is the period of a geosynchronous sattelite, like a DirecTV satellite?