3) Click again to go to the next question Unit 4: Cell Energy Test Review Answers 1) Play the slide show 2) Try to answer the question before clicking to see the correct answer. 3) Click again to go to the next question

1. What does ATP stand for. What does ADP stand for 1. What does ATP stand for? What does ADP stand for? What is the difference between ATP and ADP? ANSWER: ATP = Adenosine Triphosphate ADP = Adenosine Diphosphate ATP has 3 phosphates while ADP has only 2 phosphates

2. What are the 3 parts of ATP 2. What are the 3 parts of ATP? Draw a molecule of ATP and label its parts. ANSWER: 1) Adenine 2) Ribose sugar 3) 3 Phosphates **Adenine & ribose combined make adenosine

3. How is energy released from ATP? ANSWER: Break the bond between the 2nd and 3rd phosphate (by hydrolysis)

4. Define photosynthesis ANSWER: Process that makes glucose/sugars using light energy/sunlight.

5. What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis 5. What is the chemical equation for photosynthesis? [You must memorize the equation!!] ANSWER: 6CO2 + 6H2O + sunlight ® C6H12O6 + 6O2

6. What PLANT STRUCTURE does photosynthesis take place? ANSWER: LEAVES

7. What organelle & in what parts of the organelle does photosynthesis take place? ANSWER: Chloroplast  Thylakoids + Stroma

8. What is chlorophyll? Where (exactly) is chlorophyll found? ANSWER: Chlorophyll is a pigment that captures sunlight. It is found in the thylakoids of the chloroplast.

9. Why are plants green? ANSWER: Chlorophyll reflects the green light wavelengths – green is not absorbed.

10. Indicated whether the description matches the light dependent reactions or light independent reactions: ANSWER: takes places in the stroma = light independent b. makes oxygen (O2) from water (H2O) = light dependent

10. Indicated whether the description matches the light dependent reactions or light independent reactions: ANSWER: c. Makes ATP = light dependent d. makes glucose (C6H12O6) from carbon dioxide (CO2) = light independent

10. Indicated whether the description matches the light dependent reactions or light independent reactions: ANSWER: e. takes place in the thylakoids = light dependent f. Has Calvin Cycle = light independent

11. Define cellular respiration. ANSWER: It is a process that breaks down glucose/sugar to make ATP

12. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration 12. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration? [You must memorize the equation!!] ANSWER: C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 +6H2O + ATP

13. What is the difference between something that is aerobic and anaerobic? ANSWER: Aerobic means it uses/requires oxygen. Anaerobic means it does not use or need oxygen.

14. In what organelle does aerobic respiration take place? ANSWER: MITOCHONDRIA

15. What is the total amount of ATP made in aerobic respiration? ANSWER: 36 ATP

16. In aerobic respiration, name the process (citric acid cycle/Kreb’s cycle, electron transport chain, glycolysis) that: ANSWER: Breaks down glucose into smaller pieces= Glycolysis Uses broken down glucose to make carbon dioxide (CO2)= Citric acid cycle/ Kreb’s Cycle Makes water (H2O) from oxygen (O2) = Electron Transport Chain

17. What is another name for fermentation? ANSWER: Anaerobic Respiration

18. Where in the cell does fermentation take place? ANSWER: Cytoplasm

19.What is the total amount of ATP made in fermentation? ANSWER: 2 ATP

20. Which process is more effective in making energy – aerobic respiration or fermentation? ANSWER: Aerobic respiration because it makes 36 ATP and fermentation only makes 2 ATP.

21.What are two types of fermentation? ANSWER: Lactic acid fermentation AND ethyl alcohol fermentation.

22. What do bacteria use lactic acid fermentation for? ANSWER: To flavor foods like cheese and yogurt.

23. What happens to humans when there is lactic acid build-up? ANSWER: Muscles become sore

24. What type of fermentation does yeast undergo 24. What type of fermentation does yeast undergo? Why is yeast used to make bread? ANSWER: Ethyl alcohol CO2 bubbles released by yeast make bread dough rise.

*Surrounds entire outside of cell 25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: a. Layer surrounding the cell that allows only some materials in and out. Answer: CELL MEMBRANE *Surrounds entire outside of cell

*Outermost layer for a plant – very rigid 25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: b. Layer outside the membrane used for structure, support, and protection Answer: CELL WALL *Outermost layer for a plant – very rigid

*Look for small stacks of “coins” or “pancakes” 25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: c. Structure that makes energy by converting sunlight into chemical energy (sugars) Answer: CHLOROPLAST *Look for small stacks of “coins” or “pancakes”

25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: d. Space within the cell found between organelles Answer: CYTOPLASM

Answer: GOLGI APPARATUS 25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: e. Sorts and packages proteins to be sent inside or outside the cell Answer: GOLGI APPARATUS *Folded membranes with bubbles (vesicles) directly surrounding it

25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: f. Structure used to destroy or break down wastes and old cell parts Answer: LYSOSOME *Usually round in shape with items inside to show the enzymes

Answer: MITOCHONDRIA *oval structure with folded membranes inside 25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: g. Structure used to make energy by breaking down sugars Answer: MITOCHONDRIA *oval structure with folded membranes inside

Answer: NUCLEUS *Large structure – has a dark center for nucleolus 25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: h. Controls all of the cell’s activities Answer: NUCLEUS *Large structure – has a dark center for nucleolus

25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: i. Makes proteins Answer: RIBOSOMES *Very small structures attached to endoplasmic reticulum or in the cytoplasm

ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM 25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: j. Helps to make and transport proteins Answer: ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM *Look for folded membranes with bumps (ribosomes attached)

SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM 25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: k. Helps to make and transport lipids Answer: SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM *Look for folded membranes with no bumps or bubbles

25. For each of the following descriptions, write the name of the cell structure: l. Stores materials such as food and water Answer: VACUOLE *Look for empty small bubbles in animal cells but one large one in plant cells