By the end of this presentation you should be able to…… List the three types of nuclear radiation Describe the nature of each type.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

Radioactive Decay. - Alpha Decay The emission of an particle from the nucleus of an atom is called alpha decay An alpha particle is just a helium nucleus.

Advertisements

Nuclear Physics. Outcomes What is the difference between alpha, beta and gamma radiation? What are the rules for writing equations of nuclear reactions?

Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay

Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay

These notes were typed in association with Physics for use with the IB Diploma Programme by Michael Dickinson For further reading and explanation see:

Physics 12 Mr. Jean May 23 rd, 2014 The plan: Video clip of the day Radio Activity Decay models Half Life modeling Text book questions Visiting the Relatives.

Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Decay

Ionising Radiation.

Alpha Beta Gamma. Lesson Contents 1.Physical properties of ,  and  2.Penetrating power of ,  and  3.N v Z  graphs 4.Decay laws.

Nuclear Chemistry By Robert Jakubek and Michael Maki.

Radioactive Decay Radioactive Decay. Radioactive Decay: Some unstable atoms try to regain stability by losing energy. They lose energy by emitting radiation.

Nuclear Energy. Nuclear energy is all around us and can be used for medical purposes. Nuclear energy is when an atom is split and releases energy or particles.

Alpha Beta Gamma. Lesson Contents 1.What is Radioactivity? 2.Physical properties of ,  and  3.Penetrating power of ,  and  4.N v Z  graphs.

Nuclear Stability and Radioactivity AP Physics B Montwood High School R. Casao.

What is Radioactivity? Radioactive Decay. Nucleus contains protons and neutrons Electron circles the nucleus in orbits Proton: +1 charge, mass number.

Warm Up #2 Describe how the sun uses nuclear fusion for energy.

Radioactivity Nuclear Chemistry

Nuclear Decay What is Radiation? Radiation is the rays and particles emitted by radioactive material Radioactive decay - the process by which unstable.

Structure of the Nucleus Every atom has a nucleus, a tiny but massive center.Every atom has a nucleus, a tiny but massive center. The nucleus is made up.

Nuclear radiation. What do we mean by Radioactivity? Radioactive decay is the process in which an unstable atomic nucleus loses energy by emitting radiation.

Nuclear Chemistry Nuclear chemistry is the study of the structure of atomic nuclei and the changes they undergo.

Radiation Nonionizing Ionizing

Nuclear Chemistry.

THE NUCLEUS: A CHEMIST’S VIEW. Nuclear Symbols Element symbol Mass number, A (p + + n o ) Atomic number, Z (number of p + )

Radioactivity Nuclear Chemistry. Discovery of Radioactivity Wilhelm Roentgen discovered x-rays in Henri Becquerel discovered that uranium salts.

4.4 Unstable Nuclei and Radioactive Decay Radioactive decay In the late 1890s, scientists noticed some substances spontaneously emitted radiation, a.

Nuclear Decay Notes Stability Curve Atomic number Z Neutron number N Stable nuclei Z = N Nuclear particles are held.

Nuclear Chemistry “Bravo” Test 1954 – 15,000 kilotons.

Nuclear Chemistry “Bravo” Test 1954 – 15,000 kilotons.

Changes in the Nucleus Objectives: 1. Describe the changes that accompany nuclear reactions. 2. Define radioactivity. Key Terms: nuclear reaction, strong.

Radioactivity SPS3. Students will distinguish the characteristics and components of radioactivity. Differentiate among alpha and beta particles and gamma.

 Chemical Properties  Determined by ▪ number of electrons ▪ positions of electrons.

Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 21.

Radioactivity and radioisotopes The nature of radiation Distinguishing Radiation Background Radiation.

Alpha Beta Gamma.

Types of Nuclear Decay. Alpha Decay (α) Emission of an alpha (α) particle which is a Helium nuclide. During an alpha decay, a nucleus is able to reach.

Radioactivity Chapter 4: Section 1.

Radioactivity Section Radioactivity Wilhelm Rontgen discovered glowing fluorescent screen on far side of a room where he was experimenting with.

Nuclear Chemistry The Atom The atom consists of two parts: 1. The nucleus which contains: 2. Orbiting electrons. protons neutrons Multiple nuclei is.

Nuclear Chemistry Chapter 25. What do you think of when you hear Nuclear Chemistry?

Radioactive Decay Radioactivity results from having an unstable nucleus. When these nuclei lose energy and break apart, decay occurs. Radioactive decay.

3-4 Changes in the Nucleus

7.1 Nuclear Reactions What are atoms made of? Which particles are found in the nucleus? What are the three types of ionising radiation? What are the three.

P4: Radiation for Life Lesson 10: What is Radioactivity (part 2)

Topic 7.2 The ABC’s of Radioactivity

Nuclear Chemistry. The Atom The atom consists of two parts: 1. The nucleus which contains: 2. Orbiting electrons. protons neutrons.

Nuclear Chemistry. RadioactivityRadioactivity  The spontaneous decomposition of a nucleus to form a different nucleus accompanied by a release of energy.

General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry Fourth Edition Karen Timberlake 4.1 Natural Radioactivity Chapter 4 Nuclear Chemistry © 2013 Pearson Education,

Types of Radioactive Decay Kinetics of Decay Nuclear Transmutations

IB Physics 12 Mr. Jean January 15th, 2014.

Nuclear Chemistry. The Atom The atom consists of two parts: 1. The nucleus which contains: 2. Orbiting electrons. protons neutrons.

RADIATION: ALPHA, BETA, GAMMA BY: SPENCER AND TREY.

NUCLEAR CHANGES What is Radioactivity?. What happens when an element undergoes radioactive decay? During radioactive decay an unstable nuclei of an isotope.

Nuclear Decay. Radioactivity The emission of high-energy radiation or particles from the nucleus of a radioactive atom.

Energy Unit Learning Goal 3: Examine how changes in the nucleus of an atom result in emissions of radioactivity.

Nuclear Decay You will be learning: 1.What is alpha, beta, and gamma radiation. 2.Know the half-life of a radioactive material. 3.How to describe the process.

Integrated Science Mr. Danckers Chapter 10.

Radioactivity Elements that emit particles and energy from their nucleus are radioactive. Some large atoms are unstable and cannot keep their nucleus together.

By the end of this presentation, you should be able to: Select and use Coulomb’s law to determine the force of repulsion, and Newton’s law of gravitation.

NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY Chapter 20. Nuclear Chemistry Radioactivity is the emission of subatomic particles or high- energy electromagnetic radiation by the.

Nuclear Physics An Introduction. What does it mean when something is “Radioactive”? Atomic nuclei that emit particles and energy are said to be radioactive.

A radioactive isotope is an atom that has a nucleus that is not stable (will change to form a nucleus of a different element). The process by which the.

By the end of this presentation you should be able to……

Ionising Radiation.

Ionising Radiation.

Unit 4 – Nuclear Reactions

Presentation transcript:

By the end of this presentation you should be able to…… List the three types of nuclear radiation Describe the nature of each type.

There are three types of radiation. 1.Alpha radiation (  It is a clump of two protons and two neutrons. Essentially, it is the same as a helium nucleus This is the way it is represented in equations: 4 He 2 It is positively charged, since it has 2 protons and no electrons. It is the largest of all the three types of radiation with a mass number of 4.

This is an unstable atom of radium. It has 88 protons and ( ) 138 neutrons. When it “throws out” a particle of radiation, it is said to have “decayed”. Since nucleus of this atom is now different from the original nucleus, 86 protons and 136 neutrons, this means a new element has been formed, radon. The alpha particle that is thrown out has a lot of energy and can damage human cells. 226 Ra 222 Rn + 4 He

BETA DECAY: There are 2 types of beta decay beta-plus (b + ) decay beta–minus (b - ) decay the “weak interaction” between “quarks” is responsible for beta decay Beta-minus decay: a neutron in the nucleus decays into a proton (stays in the nucleus) and an electron and an electron antineutrino. The electron is detected as the beta particle. Beta-plus decay: a proton in the nucleus decays into a neutron (stays in the nucleus) and a positron and an electron neutrino. The electron is detected as the beta particle.

3. Gamma radiation (  It is a high energy photon (a particle of energy) You can also describe it as a high frequency electromagnetic wave (so travels at the speed of light) It has no significant mass. It has no charge It is the smallest of all the types of radiation. It has the greatest amount of kinetic energy.

Gamma ray This type of radiation is usually emitted along with alpha or beta particles. It is the smallest and most energetic of all three. For this reason it can be the most dangerous (if the source of radiation is outside of the body). Barium-137 is unstable and decays by gamma emission. The gamma ray takes some of the energy of the nucleus away with it so the remaining barium atom is more stable. The mass does not change.

The effects of radiation on cells Useful website Useful website All three types are dangerous because they carry high amounts of energy. If they came into contact with another atom, it could knock electrons off it. This is called ionisation. (i.e an ion or charged atom is formed). If an atom of a living cell is ionised, the newly created ion may do things it shouldn’t, like cause reactions that could produce poisons that could damage the cell. Radiation will have the same effect on cancer cells, so can be used as treatment if cancer cells can be destroyed. The problem is that if healthy cells receive high doses of radiation, they can become cancerous. proton (+) KEY electron (-) neutron