CONFLICTING PAST – COMMON FUTURE. A SURVIVAL GUIDE FOR YOUNG LEARNERS. SPAIN FASCISM AND DICTATORSHIP

 SYMBOLS AND ICONS OF THE DICTATORSHIP.  SONGS.  THE ROLE OF WOMEN DURING THIS PERIOD.  TYPICAL ARCHITECTURE.

SYMBOLS AND ICONS OF THE DICTATORSHIP Since the beginning of Spanish Civil War and particularly since Franco became ‘Leader of Spain’ in October 1936, his supporters started a plan to spread symbols and icons related to his ideology all over Spain. The aim of this plan was to end with the presence of the republican symbols. Spanish coat of arms during the dictatorship Spanish coat of arms during the reign of Fernando and Isabel

Which word can you read in the symbol below Franco? Do you know the origin of that symbol?

The arrows and the yoke represent the hard work and the brave and military spirit of the Spaniards.

The script of this film was written by Franco. Why do you think the central image is a lion? We could see this emblem in official protection houses built during Franco’s regime.

Spanish peseta coin with the image of Franco, saying leader of Spain, by the grace of God. Franco used cinema and TV as a way of propaganda.

SONGS During the Spanish civil war and later with the dictatorial system, the music was used as a propagandistic way to learn the most important values defended by the dictatorship of Franco. war and later with the dictatorial system, the music was used as a propagandistic way to learn the most important values defend by the dictatorship of Franco.

By this way lots of falangist anthems were created that explained the important social, political or military values that people should know and defend. These songs were commonly sung at military parades, at schools but also at prisons were political prisoners were obliged to sing as a way to change their political or social values. We could usually find chauvinist, military, racist or political messages that are nowadays abolished by our democratic system. One of most important anthems is the named “Cara al sol”. This is the Spanish Falangist of JONS anthem.The lyric was composed by José Primo de Rivera and other important falangists; the music was composed by Juan Tellería.

There are a lot of other songs linked to the Falangist movement and their ideas. For example the Falangist Combat Anthem It’s the first song of the Spanish JONS Youth Association, appeared on Its lyrics speak about the fights and victories to get ancients patriotic glories. the song is chauvinist and only gives importance to men; the women are treated like objects

Women during Franco’s Regime The sentence “To sew and to sing “(Traditionally jobs associated with women) means in spanish a very easy task.

WOMEN’S ROLE IN FRANCO ERA Familiar hierarchy The wife depends on her husband & at the same time the daughter depends on the father. “Female life is an eternal wish of finding to whom surrender” (Medina, Seccion Femenina ´s magazine, 1 3th of August of 1944).

Guardianship of single women until 25 years old.  Home Abandonment without parental permission and Emigration without parental certificate were not allowed. In case of disobedience, their parents could report to the Civil Guard, forcing them to return home. WOMEN AND THEIR FATHERS

 Married women couldn´t have their own possessions.  A written permission from their husbands was needed by women to sign an employment contract. THE WIFE AND THE HUSBAND (LEGAL ASPECTS)

THE WOMAN AND HER HUSBAND Married woman= Rest of the warrior The woman assume the traditional roles: To clean and tidy the home, to meet the husband needs, to beget his children and to give him pleasure. Section 57 of the Civil Code : The husband has to protect the wife and she has to obey him”. WOMEN AND THEIR HUSBANDS Married woman= Rest of the warrior Women assume the traditional roles: To clean and tidy the house, satisfy their husband needs and take care of their children. Section 57 of the Civil Code : The husband has to protect his wife and she has to obey him”.

 Boys had to study while girls had to sew.  The exclusive “sciences” for women were: Cookery, sewing and domestic economy.  Male education was liberal enough, while female education was strict. Women and their education

Gender segregation in Education The coeducation in the classrooms was banned. Girls had female teachers. Female education after the Elementary School was considered superfluous.

Single women or widows under 35 years old without children had to do military service for six months, or six hours a day. SOCIAL SERVICE

Even the Regime admitted that the provision of Social Service by those women had saved to the State 4´5 millions of Euros.

TYPICAL ARCHITECTURE VALLE DE LOS CAÍDOS El Valle de los Caídos is the monument in honour to all the soldiers who died in the Spanish Civil War ( ). But it is really dedicated to two people: The ideologist of the dictatorship (Miguel Primo de Rivera) and the dictator (Franco) El Valle de los Caídos was inspired in El Escorial.

VALLE DE LOS CAÍDOS

SAN LORENZO DEL ESCORIAL (SIGLO XVI) El Escorial is the most important building of the Spanish arquitecture. It was built in the sixteenth century and represents the highest power of the Spanish empire. Look at the following images and answer the questions.

MINISTERIO DEL AIRE (1940/48)