Sam South and Josh Siebert

 Agriculture  Domestication

 Irrigation allowed crops to be grown in many places, leading to civilization.

 Crop rotation means that different crops are planted in different seasons. This is done so bugs don’t stay at the farm and kill all of a crop, and it allows for diversity between crops.

 Pesticides and fertilizer have been in use since ancient times. The first fertilizer was animal dung, and the first pesticide used was sulfur dust.

 Domestication is when plants or animals are fed and cared for, and become used to being in captivity. Sheep and goats were very useful as domesticated animals.

 Because of irrigation and domestication, humans became civilized. Mighty empires formed, bringing with them religion.

 Early civilizations developed in a few places. These include Jericho, the Middle East, Pakistan, India, China, and Egypt. Military diffusion

 Jericho is the first known walled city. It is located near the Jordan River.

 Egypt became a very advanced civilization early. It was based around the Nile Valley and was home to the extremely powerful Ancient Egyptians.

 Mesopotamia is located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. It has been home to many powerful civilizations, such as the Assyrians and Babylonians.

 The Indus Valley Civilization was based around the Indus River. The mighty Harappan Empire was based here.

 Chinese civilization started around the Yellow River, in modern Northern China.

Three ways:  War  Slavery  Movement

 Describe the major characteristics of the early civilizations of Mesopotamia, Egypt, the Indus Valley, and the Yellow River. For each civilization include its social, political, and economic structure, its technological advances, and the factors that gave rise to cities.

 Women had power  First economy  Many inventions  Domesticated animals

 Very powerful  Slavery  Good at math  Strong government

 Dentistry  Strong agriculture  Invented plow, irrigation  Domestication

 Feudal estates  Many Civil wars  Used cowrie shells for money  Invented paper, compass, printing, and gunpowder

2 main factors for civilization  Irrigation  Domestication Other new technology (plow, compass, metal working, etc.)

 Why does it matter?  Do these ancient events affect our lives today?