Splash Screen

Intro 1 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

Section 1-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

Vietnam History -resisted early invasions by Chinese dynasties over a 2,000 yr history -during WWII they resisted French control, forming the Vietnam Independence League (Viet Minh) in 1941 (supported by communists) -France wanted to control the area known as French Indochina (present-day Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam)

The French were growing tired of fighting and were about to give up when the US stepped in to help finance their efforts But after they were defeated at Dien Bien Phu in 1954, a conference was held in Geneva to discuss the matter The Geneva Accords of 1954 separated Vietnam into 2 nations at the 17 th parallel

–North Vietnam (communist section) was to be controlled by Ho Chi Minh who was backed by China and USSR {Viet Minh} {southern communists = Viet Cong} –South Vietnam (supported by US) was to be controlled by Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem

Elections to unify the country never happened 1963 Diem was assassinated and replaced by General Nguyen Van Thieu Hanoi = capital of NV Ho Chi Minh Trail = supply route from the north to the south through Laos and Cambodia Saigon = capital of SV

Section 2-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

Eisenhower & Kennedy both increase military advisors to SV Johnson did also, but will take it a step further Gulf of Tonkin -Aug. 2, 1964 USS Maddox was patrolling within 9 miles of NV coast in the Gulf of Tonkin -it was attacked by NV patrol boats responding to an earlier attack by SV on HO Me Island

-Johnson did not respond immediately but ordered the patrol boat back to the area -Aug 4 – it reported being attacked again -American bombers ordered to attack striking NV coasts -Aug 7 Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution

Section it gave the President the right to commit US forces w/o the approval of Congress A Viet Cong attack on Pleiku killed 8 US advisors so Johnson ordered the continual bombing of NV on Feb 13, 1965 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. Johnson and Vietnam (cont.) (pages 778–779)

“Rolling Thunder Campaign” – one of Johnson’s bombing programs began on Mar 2, had 3 objectives: (1)To break the will of the NV to support the Vietcong (2)To destroy the NV’s industrial bases (3)To stop the flow of supplies to the south

Also used “search & destroy missions” – large-scale ground combat operations to accelerate the pace of the combat and to destroy the natural camouflage of the area Made it very difficult for the NV to hold an area Dec. 1965, 200,000 troops 1966, another 200,000 & by 1967 US had over 500,000 soldiers

Things appeared to be going well until Jan. 30, 1968 Tet (Vietnamese New Year holiday) and a cease-fire period 80,000 Vietcong and NV launched a major attack on SV 36 / 44 provincial capitals were hit, also 64 towns, & 12 American bases (US Embassy) NV lost, but was a blow to SV moral

End of Section 2

Section 3-4 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

Section 3-5 A Growing Credibility Gap Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the information. When American troops first entered the Vietnam War, many Americans supported the military effort. As the war in Vietnam continued to drag on, public support decreased. credibility gap : referred to the discrepancy between what the govt officials said about Viet and what was actually happening (pages 784–785)

Was not truthful about how many were being killed (if knew real number would demand that the soldiers be brought home) As American involvement increased, so did opposition Many felt the war was a civil war between the Vietnamese and did not concern us

News media brought actual footage of fighting home (showed body bags and bloody soldiers on the evening news) Much debate and discussions, esp on college campus (teach-ins) Young men burned their draft cards; some even fled to Canada May 4, 1970 a Vietnam protest turned deadly at Kent State University; Ohio Nat’l Guard killed 4 students

October 21, 1967

Faced w/ opposition at home and a losing battle in Viet., Johnson decided not to run for pres in 1968 (“Hey, hey LBJ. How many babies did you kill today”) Robert Kennedy (Dem) was leading when he was killed by Sirhan Sirhan after the Calif primary on June 5 Hubert Humphrey (Dem) Richard Nixon (Rep.) won

Nixon wanted an “honorable end to the war” He hoped more pressure would force the NV to negotiate He ordered bombing of Laos and Cambodia (NV used these areas as refuge areas) As peace talks dragged on, Nixon dev a new plan

Vietnamization would slowly turn the responsibility over to the SV by helping them increase their army and giving them supplies US soldiers could then come home ,000 men came home w/ another 150,000 to be withdrawn by 1970 June 24, 1970 Congress repealed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and banned the use of troops in Laos & Cambodia

Feb. 8, 1971 NV invaded Laos forcing out the US US resumed air attacks against NV

As men were being sent home, morale dropped No one wanted to be the last to die for a lost cause Orders were questioned and sometimes not followed Drug use increased Officers frustrated w/ the war, committed terrible crimes

My Lai Massacre Mar 16, 1968 US soldiers marched into the village Lt Wm Caffey was to secure the area of any enemies Believing the area was filled w/ spies, they attacked Only found women, children, and elderly, but killed them anyway killing est. 300 people

Americans now wondered just how many “My Lai’s” there had been Calley was given a court martial, charged w/ 109 murder counts Found guilty and given dishonorable discharge Spent 3 years house arrest of a 20 year sentence

Jan. 27, 1973 peace agreement ending US longest war (Paris Accords) Cease fire w/ NV & SV Removal of all US forces Release of all POWs held by NV 150,000 NV soldiers could stay in SV

June 4, 1973 Congress not wanting the US to get involved again War Powers Act – requires the pres to inform Congress within 48 hrs of troop deployment to an area If Congress does not approve the troops, the troops must be removed within 60 days

1974 Congress cut the aid given to Vietnam from $1 billion to $724 million and eventually cut that to $300 billion Thieu, feeling betrayed by US, was paralyzed; no money, supplies, help, hope Apr. 30, 1975 NV invaded SV and took the capital

Legacy of the war (1961 – 1973) -58,000 dead-$150 billion spent -2,330 MIA-300,000 wounded Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder -drug, alcohol abuse -reoccurring nightmares -chronic depression -can’t feel many emotions -guilt feelings of survival -Vets not well received when returning home (blamed them for the fighting)

Agent Orange -herbicide used to destroy the vegetation of areas in order to clear out the jungle plants to make fighting easier -veterans have dev cancer, fathered birth defective children, and skin irritations but can not prove that it came from it

Vietnam Veteran’s Memorial opened in 1982 Southeast Asia also suffered -8 million tons of bombs = 640 Hiroshima bombs -2 million dead

End of Section 3

Chapter Summary 1

Chapter Assessment 11 Geography and History The map below shows supply routes and troop movements during the Vietnam War. Study the map and answer the questions on the following slides.

Chapter Assessment 12 Interpreting Maps What nations besides North and South Vietnam were the sites of battles or invasions? Laos and Cambodia were also invaded. Geography and History (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Chapter Assessment 13 Geography and History (cont.) Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Analyzing Why did the Ho Chi Minh Trail pass through Laos and Cambodia instead of South Vietnam? The Ho Chi Minh Trail passed through Laos and Cambodia to avoid discovery and capture of troops and supplies passing along the trail.

Chapter Assessment 14 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. Directions: Choose the phrase that best completes the following statement. The purpose of the War Powers Act was to ensure that the president would Ahave greater authority over the military. Bconsult Congress before committing troops to extended conflicts. Chave the authority to sign treaties without Senate approval. Dhave a freer hand in fighting the spread of communism. Test-Taking Tip After Vietnam and Watergate, Congress wanted legislation to limit the president’s power during wartime. Three of the answers actually do the opposite, giving the president more power. You can eliminate these three answers.

Chapter Assessment 15 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer. What is the name of the university in Ohio where four students were killed by National Guard troops? The name of this university is Kent State University.

End of Chapter Assessment

Moment in History 1 Click the Speaker button to listen to the audio again.

M/C 1-1

Daily Focus Skills Transparency 1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Daily Focus Skills Transparency 2 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Daily Focus Skills Transparency 3 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

Daily Focus Skills Transparency 4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

End of Slide Show