Presented BY Kanav Dev Singh B.Tech I.T (8 Th sem)

The Business Climate Used to Be Like a Ship on the Ocean

Today the Business Climate Is Like a Raft on a White Water River

 An IP(Internet Protocol) address is a unique identifier for a node or the host connection on an IP network.  An IP address is a 32 bit binary number usually represented as 4 decimal values, each representing 8 bits, in the range 0 to 255 (known as octets) seprated by decimal points. This is known as “doted decimal” notation. Example: 

 Virtual Local Area Network.  Logical grouping of Network users and resources connected to administratively defined ports on a Switch.  Ability to create smaller Broadcast domains within a layer 2 switched internetwork by assigning different Ports on the switch to different sub networks.  Treated like its own Subnet or broadcast domain.  Virtual Trunking Protocol (VTP) is used to update switch databases with VLAN information.

 Divides the switch into different virtual switches without creating any Physical boundary.  With the help of VLANs we can control the broadcast domain.  Broadcast domain is directly proportional to the number of VLANs created.  VLAN1 is created by default and all the ports are members of the VLAN1 by Default.  Trunking protocols are used to maintain VLANs.

 Cost and Time Reduction.  Creating Virtual Work Groups.  Increased performance.  Improved manageability.  Network tuning and simplification of software configurations.  Physical topology independence.  Increased security options.

 Broadcast Limitations.  Device Limitations.  Port Constraints.

 It is the connection between two or more VLANs. The network is established by connecting these two VLANs with the router.  With the help of Inter-VLAN, the stations in a VLAN can now communicate and share resources with the stations of another VLAN.  Routers allow broadcasts to occur only within the originating network, while switches forward broadcasts to all segments.

 To reduce the broadcast domain of a switch.  To reduce complexity.  To reduce troubleshooting.  To save switch ports.  To provide the flexibility to the user.  To reduce cost.

 Better Management  Better Performance  Reduced Complexity  Reduced Cost

LAN Basic Switch Concept Basic Switch Concept Wireless VLAN’s STP VTP Inter-VLAN Routing

 The router has one physical port for each VLAN.  Each port has an IP address on its own VLAN.  Routing is the same as routing between any subnets.

Trunks between switches. No trunk to router. No tags on frames to router.

R1 F0/0 has sub- interfaces, one for each VLAN. Each has its own IP address. VLAN tags on trunk.

 Not all routers allow subinterfaces for VLAN trunking on Ethernet ports.  It depends on the IOS feature set.  Some of ours do, others do not.

 Server :-Create, remove, and modify VLANs.  Client: -Behave the same way as VTP servers, but you cannot create, change, or delete VLANs on the local device.  Transparent: -Switch will not advertise its VLAN configuration and does not synchronize its VLAN configuration based on received messages.

 Step 1 :-Define the VTP domain name (Case sensitive).vtp domain name  Step 2 :-Set which VTP version to run.vtp version #  Step 3 :-(Optional) Set a password for the VTP domain. vtp password password  Step 4 :-Verify the VTP configuration. show vtp status

 Subinterfaces take the interface name followed by a dot and a number.  It is normal to use the VLAN number. If this ties in with the IP address, even better.  E.g. interface f0/0.10  The subinterfaces each have an IP address.  The physical interface has no IP address.  The physical interfaces needs no shutdown.

 R1(config)#interface f0/0.10  R1(config-subif)#encapsulation dot1q 10  R1(config-subif)#ip address  (add any other subinterfaces)  R1(config-subif)#interface f0/0  R1(config-if)#no shutdown

 Routers have a limited number of interfaces, so subinterfaces help where there are many VLANs.  Subinterfaces share the bandwidth on a physical interface so can cause bottlenecks.  Cheaper to use subinterfaces.  Simpler physical layout but more complex configuration with subinterfaces.

 Three Cisco 2950 series Switches.  One Cisco 2600 series Router.  Computers.

 Increase in desktop computing power.  Introduction of bandwidth-intensive applications.  Expansion of highly sensitive data on the network.  Presence of multiple device types, such as IP phones and LAN access points.

 Switch>  Switch>enable  Switch#configure terminal  Switch (config) #hostname SW-A  SW-A (config) # vtp domain GNDU  SW-A (config) #interface vlan1  SW-A(config)# ip address  SW-A(config)#no shut  SW-A(config)# int fa0/11 SW-A(config)# switch port mode trunk  SW-A# vlan 10 name MKT  SW-A#exit  SW-A(config)# switchport access vlan 2

 Router>  Router>enable  Router#configure terminal  Router (config)#hostname RR  RR (config) # interface f0/0  RR(config)# no shut  RR(config)# interface f0/0.1  RR(config)# encapsulation dot1q  RR(config)# ip address

Pinging the Host 1 of VLAN 10 with the host2 of vlan 20 of same switch