Quantum Computers By Ryan Orvosh

Road Map What are quantum computers? How they work History and Background Information Models Advantages/Disadvantages Applications The Future

What are quantum computers? Definition: A quantum computer is a computer design which uses the principles of quantum physics to increase the computational power beyond what is attainable by a traditional computer. 

How they work? Qubits: some type of particle a photon, nucleus or electron Can hold 1 or 0 ( up or down) base positions or superpositions Use force to move position use position as a value. For example use of magnetic fields with electron qubits

2 bits vs 2 qubits 2 bits contains 2 bits of information 2 qubits contains 4 bits of information because you need 4 coefficients of probability to determine the value they represent. 2N = classical bits where N is the number of Qubits.

History and Background

History and Background First proposed in the 1980 by mathematician, Yuri Manin. In 1981 physicist, Richard Feynman proposed a basic model for a quantum computer. In 1985, David Deutsch described first universal quantum computer, counterpart to the universal Turing Machine

History In 1994 mathematician, Peter Shor discovered an algorithm that could factor large integers quickly on a quantum computer.

History 1998 first 2 qubit quantum computing system developed, was only able to do some simple calculations by using the principle of nuclear magnetic resonance NMR.

History In 2005, the first quantum byte, or qubyte (8 qubits), is announced to have been created by scientists at The Institute of Quantum Optics and Quantum Information at the University of Innsbruck in Austria

Current Developments

Currently D-Wave Systems founded in 1999 one of largest names in commercial quantum computing systems.

Currently 128 qubit system costs about $10 million made by D-Wave

Currently As of May 2013 largest system is 512 qubits. D-Wave Two Collaboration between Google, NASA, Universities Space Research Association utilizing it for an Artificial Intelligence Lab.

Advantages / Disadvantages

Advantages Perform extremely complicated calculations easily such as extremely large systems of linear equations. Possible to simulate quantum systems not possible on traditional computers Potentially thousands of times faster

Disadvantages Requires new algorithms to reach its potential If a result of a computation happens to not be in a base position, the answer is too difficult to understand. Not a lot of experience. Greater need for cooling, example negative 460 degree F

Applications Peter’s Shor’s algorithm enhanced to improve radar stealth technology Recent quantum algorithms believed to aid in the creation of new pharmaceuticals. Use in cryptography for more secure data encryption.

Applications Better predicting patterns in weather. Detect problems in the stock market Mathematics field of optimization Google, more efficient searches

Future Not expected to replace traditional computers any time soon. Still years away from a universal system. Potential for advances in artificial intelligence.

References http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/08/130820161201.htm http://www.popsci.com/science/article/2012-01/largest-ever-quantum- calculation-uses-84-qubits-and-takes-just-270-milliseconds http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_quantum_computing http://computer.howstuffworks.com/quantum-computer2.htm http://www.economist.com/news/science-and-technology/21578027-first- real-world-contests-between-quantum-computers-and-standard-ones- faster http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g_IaVepNDT4

Conclusion What quantum computers are How they work History and background Current trends Applications Future

Questions?