1. Jewelry Objects often made from metal, worn for personal adornment. Jewelry is made using two processes, Casting and Fabrication.

2. Jeweler Person who makes or repairs jewelry.

3. Jeweler’s Bench A desk designed for a Jeweler which has a slot for a bench pin, a catch pan to collect silver and gold filings, and a drawer for tools.

4. Elements of Art space The 7 basic components of a piece of art. They are Color, Form, Line, Shape, Space, Texture, and Value.

5. Principles of Design Principles of Design - The 9 rules by which an artist organizes the Elements of Art to create a work or art. They are Balance, Contrast, Emphasis/Dominance, Harmony, Movement, Proportion, Repitition/Pattern, Unity, and Variety.

6. Lost Wax Casting The process by which a duplicate metal object (often silver, gold, alpaca, or bronze) is cast from an original wax carving.

7. Centrifugal Force The force that draws a rotating body away from the center of rotation.

8.Centrifugal Casting Machine A spring-driven manual machine which uses centrifugal force to throw molten metal inside a mold, where it solidifies after cooling.

A smooth, non- brittle wax designed for carving, made from a blend of wax and plastic 9. Carving Wax

10. Wax Carving The shaping of wax using tools. The design is laid out on wax, the wax is filed down to the design, carved using carving tools, smoothed with sandpaper and steel wool, then cast into another material, usually metal.

11. Wax Files Files specifically designed for the removal and reduction of wax

12. Wax Model A wax piece, which is carved and smoothed to the desired finish, for use in Lost Wax Casting.

13.Sprue A tree-like structure of wax added to the wax model that will provide a path for the molten metal to flow into a mold.

14. Sprue Base A rubber mold that fits to the bottom of a round flask, which holds wax models in place while the investment plaster hardens.

15. Flask A cylinder form used to contain the investment plaster and wax models during the casting process.

16. Casting Grain Small, circular droplets of metal used in casting. A jeweler melts grain to a molten state, and throws it into a mold using centrifugal force. It is one of the three forms of metal, along with Wire and Sheet metal, used in making jewelry.

17. Sterling Silver A precious metal which is an alloy of 92.5% pure silver and 7.5% copper, or 925 parts silver to 75 parts copper. Hallmark on jewelry – 925

18. Alpaca –A metal alloy of Copper, Nickel, and sometimes Zinc. It is a yellowish silver color and has a specific gravity of 8.6.

19. Alloy Melting different kinds of metal together to form a new metal. For example: nickel silver, is an alloy of zinc, copper and nickel, and sterling is an alloy of silver and copper.

20. Investment A plaster, poured as a liquid around a wax model, which hardens enough to allow in molten metal in the casting process.

21. Vacuum Table This tool removes unnecessary bubbles from the investment mixture and prepares the flask for a clean and precise cast.

22. Specific Gravity The ratio of the density of one substance to the density of another substance. SG is a dimensionless quality.

23. Kiln A thermally insulated chamber that produces temperatures sufficient to complete some processes, such as hardening, drying, melting, or chemical changes.

24. Crucible A vessel that holds and carries molten metal into the mold to be cast.

25. Torch A mix of flammable gas, such as oxygen and propane, used to achieve a hot, clean flame. Oxy propane torches achieve a temperature of 5,110 Farenheit.

26. Sand Paper A heavy paper with abrasive material (grit) adhered to the surface used to smooth and soften.

27. Steel Wool A bundle of strands of very fine soft steel filaments used to polish metal objects.

28. Textured Metal Metal with a surface other then smooth. Texture can come from hammering, stamping, etching, stippling, bits on the flex shaft, and many other methods.

29. Buffing and Polishing Finishing processes for smoothing the surface of a piece of jewelry using an abrasive (Tripoli and rouge) and a polishing wheel.

30. Patina A chemical change which occurs on the surface as metals age. It may be artificially induced by using chemicals or heat.

31. Acid Etching Acid is used to remove the top layer of metal to create raised and lowered areas for texture and detail.

32. PNP Blue Press and peel blue paper is designed to transfer a drawing to metal, in preparation for acid etching. Once transferred, the black ink acts as a resist (protection) to the metal, only allowing the etch to happen where there is no ink.

33. Ferric Chloride Brown, acidic, and corrosive solution is used in sewage treatment, drinking water production, and as an etchant for copper-based metals.

34. Metal Stamp Steel tool used to make an imprint onto a piece of metal when hammered against it.

35. Makers Mark An identifying mark placed on a piece of jewelry to indicate who is responsible for it’s manufacture, composition and quality.

36. Fabrication The process of constructing a piece of jewelry from various individual parts by cutting, bending, and assembling through hot and/or cold connections.

37. Wire Usually circular in cross-section, wire is a flexible strand or rod of metal. It is one of three forms of metal, along with Sheet Metal and Casting Grain, used in making jewelry.

38. Sheet Metal Metal in thin, flat pieces of a unified thickness (gauge). It is one of three forms of metal, along with Wire and Casting Grain, used in making jewelry.

39. Gauge A standard unit of measure used to tell the thickness of sheet metal and wire. The larger the gauge, the thinner the metal.

40. Nickel Silver Also called German Silver, this silver-colored metal is an alloy containing 60% copper, 20% zinc, and 20% nickel. Nickel silver is named for its silvery appearance, but contains no elemental silver. Nickel Silver’s melting point is around 2000 degrees Farenheit.

41. Copper - A chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with high electrical conductivity. It is a reddish-orange color, often used on its own or alloyed with other metals to make jewelry. Copper’s melting point is 1984 degrees Farenheit.

42. Brass A bright gold colored metal alloy formed from copper and zinc. Brass’s melting point is around 1700 degrees Fahrenheit.

43. Pierce To make a hole through something, as in drilling through metal.

44. Drill Bit Cutting tools used to create round holes. It fits in a flex shaft, a drill, or a drill press.

45. Inside Cuts Creating designs or shapes on the inside of a metal piece by drilling, sawing and filing into the metal.

46. Flexible Shaft (Flex Shaft) A motor driven flexible arm fitted with a hand piece which accepts drill bits and burs.

47. Chuck Key Device used to loosen and tighten burs and drill bits which fit into the hand piece of a flex shaft.

48. Center Punch Pointed steel tool used to put a divot into metal before drilling through it. The Center Punch can also be used to create a Stipple texture.

49. Hallmark An official mark stamped on precious metals to prove its purity (14K, 925, platinum, etc.)

50. Base Metal Inexpensive metals which tend to oxidize easily, but which often look like precious metal. Examples are brass and nickel silver, which resemble gold and sterling silver.

51. Precious Metal Rare, naturally occurring metals of high economic value, and which have a high lustre. Gold, silver, platinum, and palladium are considered Precious Metal.

52. Resin Two part resins are used as a glue and can be colored for filling spaces. There are 2 kinds: epoxy resins and polyester resins.

53. Bezel Strip Metal strip which gets shaped and is then soldered shut, and is used to hold cabochon gems or resin

54. Pendant A form of jewelry where a decorative piece is hung from a chain or cord around the neck.

55. Jump Ring Small, individual round metal rings used to make chains or to attach parts together in a jewelry piece. They can be soldered shut or closed tightly with pliers.

56. Spring Load To bend the two ends of something over and under each other until they fit together with tension.

57. Soldering A metal-joining process where a filler metal (solder) is heated above melting point to join pieces of metal together using the heat from a torch, also called a hot connection.

58.Butt Solder The process of soldering one edge of a piece of metal to the edge of a different piece of metal, as in permanently closing a ring.

59. Flux An aid to soldering, flux allows the solder to flow rather than balling up, and also prevents oxidization of the metal.

60. Third Hand A holding device to use while soldering which uses cross- locking tweezers.

61. High Temp Solders High melting point precious metal- based solder (Hard, Medium, and Easy) which melt with a torch. Not to be confused with soft solder, which is low melting point solder that melts using a soldering iron.

62. Acetylene The gas often used to fuel jewelry torches. The gas in the tank mixes with the oxygen from the environment, producing a high- heat flame.

63. Quenching The rapid cooling of metal after it has been exposed to extreme heat.

64. Fire scale When metal is heated during soldering, areas become marked with dark spots which can be removed by pickle and sanding.

65. Pickle The liquid used for cleaning flux, oxidation, and fire scale from metals, which occur after heating. Ours is called Sparex Acid, which is sodium bisulfate.