Getting Started  1. Write the complementary strand for the following:  5’ – TGACTTGACGGA – 3’  2. We are born looking exactly like our parents. True or False  3. We are an exact mix of our parents. True or False  4. If one of our parents has blue eyes, and the other has brown eyes, then we will have one blue and one brown eye. True or False  5. We have our parents’ actual genes in our cells. True or False

What do we already know about genetics?

What do scientists have to say?  Study of genes, genetic variation & heredity  Cracking the code of life

Genetics starts here…

Chromosomes: Threadlike structure found in the nucleus that carries genetic information in the form of DNA

Labeling Chromosomes

Vocab  Traits: the characteristics of an organism  Example: Hair color, height, eye color All organisms have traits, but these traits are different. Some living things have similar traits. For example: A dog and a human both have eyes. Therefore, they both have genes that control eye color. This does not mean that they have the same chromosomes. Some organisms do not have the same traits. For example: A tree and a fish do not both have scales. Therefore, they do not both have genes for the size of scales. Only fish would have this on their genes.

Genes  Determine traits  Located on chromosomes

Traits on genes  Characteristic – inheritable physical features (i.e hair or eye color)  Requires inheriting 2 alleles; one from each parent  Traits are variations of a characteristic  Genetic contribution to traits is called a genotype  Example: BB, Bb, bb  Physical traits that can be seen are called phenotype  Example: blue eyes

Functions of Chromosomes 1. They influence the traits of the entire organism 2. They determine the gender of an individual 3. Codes determine what proteins are made 4. They contain the genetic instructions to control cell processes

DNA  More alike two organisms are, the more their DNA will have in common  We share approximately 98.4% of DNA with Chimpanzees

Karyotype  A complete set of chromosomes of an organism used to identify genetic abnormalities.

Class Review  What structures inside all eukaryotic cells contain the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next generation of cells?  How do chromosomes function in an organism?  Where are chromosomes found?

Exit Ticket 1.Where are chromosomes found in the cell? 2.What are chromosomes made of? 3.Name two functions of chromosomes. (Use two complete sentences) 4. What is the arrow pointing to?

Karyotyping Activity  You will be given a set of chromosomes to match appropriately.  Once you match your chromosome set, complete the following:  What is the gender of the organism you have?  Are there any genetic abnormalities with your karyotype?  I.e. Additional chromosome, missing chromosomes